SOUND DERIV

WORDS ATTESTED

DEFINITIONS

*aja

ATESTED

= (2 *kajε only Ugrian)to chase,to drive animals , to lead (v)

Group

#,a,j,a,

U.S.E.

.

EmeGir/Sumer

_,η~g,a,

_ŋá

= to go (from different roots?);

Magyar/Hungar

a,j,a~e,

haj-t

=to drive(animals,cars etc), haj-dú=cowboy, (cattle) drover;

Vogul/Mansi

o~u,j,,

woj-t

=to chase, pursue; vujt=sm /Konda; khujt=agitate;

Votyak/Udm

u,j,e,

uj-, uĺ

=chase,drive, pursue

Mordvin

a,j,a~o,

voje-dli-

= (?)

Finn/Suomi

a~e,j~i,a~o,

aja

=- =chase,drive, go, travel;

Estonian

a~e,j~i,ē,

aja

=chase, go after, depart, drive, to make one's way somewhere

Lapp/Saami

vuo,j~i,

vuoggje

=drive on,drive over; vuodje =to drive (a horse/reindeer);

Etruskan

a,(l~χ),

àk- or ag-

=to drive, to conduct ( *J > G ), acl-ni=guide(AZ96)

KELTIC

a,l,a,

céi-de

=drive, car road (-idh=formative, deverbal)

.

*akta

ATESTED

to cram, stow >>? hang (v) (suffix)

Group

#,a,k,t,a,

U.S.

.

EmeGir/Sumer

a,(g~d),a,

-ag, -ak

=to place, to do/make (formative suffix)

Ostyak/Khanti

a~ä,t,,

yg@t

=to hang(up) , spread (a net on poles)

Cherem/Mari

u~o,kt~t,,

opte

=to load (flour in a bin, hay in a load.etc)

Zuryen/Komi

o~u,k,a,

okty

=set a trap; oktym, oktyn =ledger-tackle?

Mordvin

a,j~v,d,a~o,

oktos, optos

=snare for catching animals;avto??=to open (one's mouth)

Finn/Suomi

a~e,ht~ks,a~o,

ahta

= arrange, put, hang (fish net), cram, pack, stow

Lapp/Saami

a~ä,kt,ē,

vuoktinje

=frame for net/Lapp

.

*aktε

ATESTED

vomit, to vomit > detest [Ug] (v)

Group

#,a,k,t,ε,

Ug.

.

Magyar/Hungar

a,ht>t,,

ut-ál

=to detest (-ál=frequentive suffix?)

Vogul/Mansi

a~ä,t,,

åjt

=to vomit

.

*alka

ATESTED

= to begin , begining (location) (v)

Magyar/Hungar

a,l,a~e,

elö

=front? < *eδe

Vogul/Mansi

a~ä,l(γ),,

awl

=begining

Ostyak/Khanti

a~ä,l(γ),,

al@ŋ

=begining, end

Finn/Suomi

a~e,l,k,a~o,

alka-

=begin

Lapp/Saami

vuo,lg,ē,

alga

=beginning, begin

Samoyed

(v)o,ll,e,

ol, ol-am

=to begin/Selkup; oðo=early,prior/Eńec;

Turkic

a,lk,a,

ilk

=first/Turkish;

Mongolic

a,k,a,

ä_ki

=begining/C.Mongol;

.

*alte

ATESTED

= (or ale) recite a spell , enchant > bless > curse , pray (v)

EmeGir/Sumer

a,l,(e~a),

al_

=protect from evil,harm/DEL18; al-ad=protective spirit,

Magyar/Hungar

a,lt,e~i,

áld

=bless; áld-oz=sacrifice to god; át-ok = a curse(-ok=deverbal), âlku=haggle ;

Savard/Hungar

a,lt,e~i,

ild-en

=to hunt down, persecute;

Vogul/Mansi

a~ä,l,,

al-il

= enchant

Ostyak/Khanti

a~ä,l,,

àl-il-tà

.

Cherem/Mari

u~o,l,δ~t,e,

ult-ém

=to pray

Mordvin

a,l,d,o,

alt-

=curse, consecrate; al(v)t=to promise

Etruskan

a,lt,i~u,

alθ

=to curse,put a spell on;ale,alice,aliqu=cured; al-=offer up a prayer[mp68], to give;

KELTIC

a,l~r,t,e,

alta-igh

=to bless (-igh =causative, formative)/??/

.

*ama-

ATESTED

to scoop (v)

Vogul/Mansi

a~o,m,a,-,

ūm- , ūmp

=scoop

Ostyak/Khanti

a~o,m~w,a,-,

um-

=scoop

Mordvin

a,m,a,-,

amu-la, amo-la

=scoop

Finn/Suomi

a~e,m,a,-,

amme

=scoop

Estonian

a~e,m~mb,a,-,

ammu-ta

=scoop

.

*ame

ATESTED

to sit (v)

Magyar/Hungar

a,n~ny,e~i,

-an, -on

=upon (superessive), -n=lative suffix;

Vogul/Mansi

a~o,m,i,

ōn-, onl- , wunl-

=sit on

Ostyak/Khanti

a~o,m~w,e,

am@s-

=sit

Samoyed

(v)o,m~β,e,

aam-ta

=sit/Selk; am-na=sit/Kamas; addu,adi/Eńeć; ŋāmćo/Nen

.

*amta

ATESTED

= give food or drink , give (v)

EmeGir/Sumer

_,d,a,

_da-h, _ta-h

=to add; _addir=wages(portion?); _dehi=tax,support;

EmeSal/Sumer

e,z,e,

_zé-èg

= to give;

Magyar/Hungar

a,d,a~e,

ad

=give,to add; ad-ag=a portion of food; it-al= a drink; adó=tax;

Savard/Hungar

a,d,a~o,

amt-in

=to give; antü =give!

Votyak/Udm

a,d,e,

ud-

=to give a drink to;

Zuryen/Komi

o~u,d,a,

ud-ni

=trink, give drink;

Mordvin

a,ńd,a~o,

ando-ms

= feed, nourish;

Finn/Suomi

a~e,n(t),a~o,

antaa

=give,

Estonian

a~e,nd~nn,ē,

and-ma

=give

Lapp/Saami

vuo,dd,ē,

vuovdd-et

=distribute, sell; uūdteD= give;

Etruskan

u~a,th>t,a,

ath~ut

= give; [mt>th>t]

NOTES

da

=to give/Lydian; I.E. dó- =to give (?)

.

*arwa

ATESTED

= consider, to value, price, worth > cost (v) (a)

EmeGir/Sumer

a~u,r,a,

ára

=to praise, glorify;

EmeSal/Sumer

e~i,r,e,

er_-im

=treasury (-im=deverbal suffix or m~w alteration)

Magyar/Hungar

a,r,v,

érv

=reason; ér-t=understand; ár=cost; ér =worth; ára-d-oz=praise profusely;

Ostyak/Khanti

o~u,r,_,,

ar-ta

=consider,deliberate

Votyak/Udm

a,r,(v),e,

ar-tal-ni

=to think about;

Zuryen/Komi

a,r,(v),a,

ar-tal

=consider, deliberate,think;?att- =make a rough estimate;

Mordvin

a,r,_,a~o,

ar-še-ms

=be of this or that oppinion, think;

Finn/Suomi

a~e,r,v,o,

arvo

=value,worth, importance, dignity; arvele-=consider,think;

Estonian

a~e,r,u,o,

aru

=number, reason,understanding;

Lapp/Saami

(vu)a,r,v,o,

arvo

=value,significance,importance; arvâ-lit=to think,understad;

Etruskan

a,r,_,a,

ar

=(?reason) + tume=goddess of wisdom,death,darkness>Minerva;[tume=grave]

Turkic

a,r,_,a,

ar-dim

= praise worthy, worthy;

DRAVIDIC

#,a,r,w,a,

ari

=to know, understand/Tamil; arj=perceive, flavor/Par;

KELTIC

a,r,(m),a,

earra

=commodity, "áru"

.

*arε

ATESTED

= rotten, damage > hurt , injure (v)

EmeGir/Sumer

a~u,r,i~e,

ari 2 ~ uru 4

=desease; ?gúr =to die; ar 2, ar x=ruin;

Magyar/Hungar

a,r,ε,

ár-

=rotten, tainted; ár-t =hurt, damage; ör-eg=old;

Vogul/Mansi

o~u,r,,

ór-ti,ári-ta

.

Ostyak/Khanti

o~u,r,,

or@j

=burst asunder, wear out;

Votyak/Udm

a,r,,

ur-

=tear away, weed;

Zuryen/Komi

o~u,r,,

or-

=get damaged, get exhausted, grow tired, wear out;

Etruskan

a,r,ε,

her-ma

=painful, sad; her-mu=afliction; (mV=formative)

Turkic

a,r,ε,

ar-

=become tired, /Turkic;

Mongolic

a,r,ε,

argi-

=grow old/C.Mongol;

DRAVIDIC

#,a,r,ε,

ari

=perrish, ruined, decay/Ta;

.

*atta

ATESTED

= say , tell (v)

EmeGir/Sumer

a,d~t,a,

_dé

=cry out, hail, read aloud, to be full; _du-g 4 =to talk;

Magyar/Hungar

a,t,a~e,

át-ok

=a curse > át-k-oz> to curse (?may be related to áld=bless)

Ostyak/Khanti

a~ä,t,,

at-

=to say

ALTAIC

a,t>d,a,

_di

=/Altaic;

Turkic

a,t>d,a,

dilmach

=interpreter/Turk >tolmács/Hungarian;

.

*attε

ATESTED

= (attε, ottε) to_be visible , to look , to see (v)

EmeGir/Sumer

a,d~t,,

éd_, è

=become visible,to be,go out;

Magyar/Hungar

a,t,,

id-éz

=conjure up (a spirit), to quote, cite (writing,recollection

Votyak/Udm

a,ť~t,,

uť-

=to have a look, look at, visit, look after, watch over;

Samoyed

(v)o,tt~t,ε,

oďi

=visible/Eńec; @d-=to be visible;/Kamas; attua-=visible/Selkup;

Etruskan

a,t,ε,

_tev

=, [ut>tu>tv] t_v, t_v to show, to see; tevi=observation;

.

*aśe-la

ATESTED

=(or aśe-dh)to lay , place , set; to set up a tent, camp, sit (v)

EmeGir/Sumer

a,š,e~i,-,l,a,

zal-am

=tent; uš_ =foundation, stand upon, to lift;

Magyar/Hungar

a,ś~sz,e~i,-,l,a~e,

_szá-l

=landing/flying(of birds), _szál-ó, _szál-ás =hotel, temp.lodging ;

Vogul/Mansi

o~u,ć~s,i,-,l~Λ~t,a,

isi

=to settle down, the roosting of birds;

Mordvin

e,ś,e,-,l,a~o,

eźe-m

=place,position

Finn/Suomi

a~e,s~ts,e~ie,-,l,a~o,

asu-

=reside, dwell, inhabit; ase-ma=place,station

Estonian

a~e,s~ts,e~i,-,l,ē,

asu

=place, room;

Lapp/Saami

a~ä,čč~ss,e,-,l,ē,

assâ-

=errect a forrest hut

Samoyed

(v)o,s,e,-,l,e,

ηä-eso-

=stop and put up the tent; ηy-ysy=tent settlement

Etruskan

a,ś,e,-,l,a,

_sal

=settle to rest,lodging; ite-sale=foundation; *sedh-=seat,base;

.

*aśke

ATESTED

step (v)

Magyar/Hungar

a,s,e~i,

sé-ta?

=

Vogul/Mansi

o~u,ć~s,(γ~x),,

ūs@l, ūsil

=

Cherem/Mari

u~o,ž,(j),e,

ašk??l

=

Votyak/Udm

a,z~ś,_,,

ućk@l

=

Zuryen/Komi

a,z,_,,

vośkol, ośkê?l

=

Mordvin

e,ś,j~v,o,

aśkila-, eśkila, iśkila, aśkola-

=

Finn/Suomi

a~e,s~ts,k,e~ie,

askel

=

Estonian

a~e,s~ts,k,e~i,

askelda

=

Samoyed

(v)o,s,gg,e,

aasel-

= /Slekup

.

*aηke-nt

ATESTED

=(aηke-) to become anxious , distress , torment , worry (v)

EmeGir/Sumer

_,ŋ~g,e~i,-,d,

_gandu

=responsibilities;_kana 3,5=troubled,apprehension,worry;

Magyar/Hungar

a,g,e~i,-,d,

agg-od

=to worry,be anxius;_go-nd =thought,worry; gond-oz=takes care of;

Votyak/Udm

u,(η)g,o~u~e,-,d,

š-ug_

=?difficult,painful,tiresome,sadness,sorrow;

Zuryen/Komi

o~u,g~k,o~u~e,-,d,

š-og_

=?grief,sorrow,worry;

Finn/Suomi

a~e,nk,e~ie,-,n(t),

anke-a

=grave, sad, serious;

Etruskan

u~a,n~k,e,-,th>t,

anχe

=anxious; ac-ns =terror,?veneration;(+ns=nes? = sense, hence "sense fear")

.

*elema

ATESTED

(or alme) to lift , raise (v)

EmeGir/Sumer

i,l,e~i,m~n,_,

íl_

=to lift; (-me treated as unecessary formative suffix & dropped)

Magyar/Hungar

e,l,e~i,m~v,_,

em-el

=lift (metathesis or the normal *lm>m plus the formative -el.)

Vogul/Mansi

i,l~Λ~t,i,m,_,

äl-@m, äl-m

=lift, raise

Finn/Suomi

e,l,e~ie,m,a~o,

-lle

=allative suffix (up to, to)

Estonian

e,l,e~i,m~mb,_,

-ale

=allative (up to, to)

Samoyed

e,l,e~a~o,m~β,(a),

jira-, jila-

=pick up/Eńeć; tílde- =/Kamas; jila- /Ŋaŋasan; ila/Selk

Etruskan

a,l,e,m~v,_,

em-el

=(take by the) handle [az96][metathesis]

.

*elä-t

ATESTED

= live , life (v) (n) (-t deverbal)

EmeGir/Sumer

i,l,a,-,t,

ti-la, ti-l

=[metathesis] life,live,ripen;<< al-ad=life force;

Magyar/Hungar

e,l,e,-,t,

él_

=live, él-et =life (-et =deverbal); álat=animal; alkot=to create;

Savard/Hungar

e,l,e,-,t,

ele-ve-d

=living; elevesi=living(person); elve=life, life cycle;

Vogul/Mansi

i,l~Λ~t,ä~e,-,t,

iäl-t

=live

Ostyak/Khanti

(j)e,l~Λ~t,ä~e,-,t,

jel

=live

Cherem/Mari

e~i,l,ä~e,-,δ~t,

ile-

=live

Votyak/Udm

o~a,l,o~u,-,t,

uly-

=live

Zuryen/Komi

o~u,l,e~i,-,t,

ol-

=live

Mordvin

e,l,ä~e,-,d,

eŕä, äŕa-

=live

Finn/Suomi

e,l,ä,-,t,

elä

=live

Livonian

e,l,e,-,t,

jel

=life

Estonian

e,l,ä,-,d,

ela-

=live

Lapp/Saami

æ~va,ll,ie~a,-,ht~tt,

ælle

=live

Samoyed

e,l,o~u,-,d,

ela-

=/Selkup; jire/Ńeńec; dili =alive/Kamas; ńile/ŋaŋasan;

Etruskan

a,l,a~e,-,t,

ala

=vital,lively, moving,boldly; < *al-,*el=motion; sv-al-ce =he/she lived

Turkic

a~o,l,ä,-,nt>d,

ol

= life/Turk

KELTIC

e,l~r,ä,-,t,

allta

=wild (animals)/Irish; [see álat]

.

*enä

ATESTED

= (nenä) anger , become angry > insult (v)

EmeGir/Sumer

e,n~ŋ,(a~e),

ini_, in_

=insult, offended (aparent duplication dropped)

Magyar/Hungar

e,n,e,

in-ger

=to make angry,taunt; in-csel-eg=taunt,tease,mock;

Finn/Suomi

e,n,ä,

in-to

=passion;

Estonian

e,n,ä,

in-t

=passion;

Lapp/Saami

æ~va,ń~n,ē,

nienne

=hatred

Samoyed

e,n~η,e,

neena

=be angry; neene=become angry

ALTAIC

e,n,ä,

*ni_áŋe

=to curse

.

*eñel-

ATESTED

to kiss, to flirt. < tongue. (v)

Magyar/Hungar

e,ñ,e~i,l,-,

enyel-eg

=to flirt

Vogul/Mansi

ä~a,ñ,i,l~Λ~t,-,

ańiγli

=to kiss

.

*ečkε

ATESTED

= praise (v)

EmeGir/Sumer

e,š,_,_,

eš

=shrine ?; _su-gid=obligations (of a vow)

Magyar/Hungar

e,sk,,

eskü-sz-

=to swear, take an oath; esk-et =marriage vows;

Vogul/Mansi

ä~a,šk,,

äšk-, èsγ-, iešš

=praise

Ostyak/Khanti

i~@,sεk,,

is@k, iž@kta

=to glorify, to praise

Votyak/Udm

o~a,šj,,

ušj-al-

=to praise

Zuryen/Komi

o~u,šk,,

oški, uški-

=to praise

.

*eńε-

ATESTED

=(8ńε-) flirt (v)

Magyar/Hungar

e,ny,ε,-,

eny-el-eg

=flirt , lounge , gossip ; (arch)

Vogul/Mansi

ä~a,ń>n,ε,-,

@ń-il, ańiγl

=kiss; (l is frequentive suffix)

.

*ike

ATESTED

sweat (v)

Magyar/Hungar

e,v~z,e~i,

iz

= sweat;

Finn/Suomi

y~i,k,e~ie,

hiki

=sweat;

Livonian

i,k,e,

ik_

=sweat;

Estonian

i,k,e~i,

hiki

=sweat;

.

*ime-

ATESTED

= suck , suckle (v) (?related to amta =give food or drink)

Magyar/Hungar

e,m~v,e~i,-,

em-ik

=suckle;

Ostyak/Khanti

#,o,m~w,e,-,

em-

=

Votyak/Udm

i,m~v,o~u~e,-,

ńim-

=

Finn/Suomi

y~i,m,e~ie,-,

ime

=

Lapp/Saami

i,m~mb,e,-,

njâmmâ

=

Samoyed

i,m~β,e,-,

ńime

=/Ńeńec, ńimiri/Ŋaŋasan; ńemarna/Selkup;

ALTAIC

a,m,e,-,

emV

=/A;

Turkic

e~a,m,e,-,

em/Trk; äm, ämik/Middle Turkic; äm, im/Uigur;

.

Mongolic

#,i,m,e,-,

emkü/Mng;

.

.

*ina

ATESTED

= ? irrigate , pour (v)

EmeGir/Sumer

_,n~ŋ,a,

_na , _na8

= n., drink, irrigate, in-gar=irrigator, farmer;

Magyar/Hungar

e,n,a~e,

inni

=to drink; ön-t- =to irrigate, to pour out; in-ség=poor,non noble clan

.

*ir-

ATESTED

= travel , move fast ; (v)

EmeGir/Sumer

i,r,-,

ir 10

= to bring, lead away ? ŋiri dab=take to the road; ŋiri gub=step;

Magyar/Hungar

i~a~ö,r,-,

jár

=move about; ir-am=speed; jer~gyere=come!

Votyak/Udm

i,r,-,

ir-gat

=set on, urge on (of a dog);

Zuryen/Komi

i~a,r,-,

yr-maś-ni

=to hurry; ar-d@-ms =run (of wild) animals;

Mordvin

a,r,-,

ar-do-ms

= run (of wild) animals;

KELTIC

#,i,r,-,

iarr

=ask/request for/Irish ??go toward something;

.

*ira

ATESTED

fame, praise < ? *arwa=value, worth; (n) (v)

EmeGir/Sumer

i,r,a,

ár(a)

=praise, glorify; aratta = praise, glory, heavy;

Magyar/Hungar

i~a~ö,r,a~e,

hír

=fame,news; hir-es=famous; ár-ad(oz) =to praise; érdem=praise worthy;

Turkic

e~a,r,a,

ar-dim

=praise worthy, worthy/Turk;

.

*itε

ATESTED

= jump run, chase (v)

EmeGir/Sumer

i,š,,

éd

=to go out

Magyar/Hungar

e,z~s,ε,

üz

=to chase,hunt down > to follow a profession/trade;

Vogul/Mansi

#,i~ü,t,,

it

=to go hunt

.

*jokke

ATESTED

(j8kkε) to stabb, prick, sting (v)

Magyar/Hungar

j~gy,a~é,k,e~i,

giuk > gyak-ik

= to stabb,pierce, to separate; juka-sz-t=he makes holes;

Cherem/Mari

j,a~o~u,k,e,

loγ-em

=poke, prick, stick

Votyak/Udm

j,o~a,k,,

ĺekal-

=stabb, puncture

Zuryen/Komi

j,o~a,k,,

ĺukalni, ĺukavni

=to stabb

Finn/Suomi

j,a~o,kk~k,e~ie,

tokata ?

=stabb, prick. sting

Etruskan

z,e~i,kh,i~u,

zic~zix, zicu

=to incise, to chissel; [*j>dj >z is attested]

.

*jorke

ATESTED

= spin , wind , roll , travel (järe=circle) (v)

EmeGir/Sumer

ŋ~g,u~a,r,_,

gur 4

=to gallop,roll over, turn; ŋiri=road,trip,feet; ŋa_=to go;

EmeSal/Sumer

n~m,e,r,_,

me.ri

=feet, trip

Magyar/Hungar

j~gy,o~a,r,k,e~i,

jár

=travel, go around/about, walk; gyor-s=fast ; járda=walkway;

Savard/Hungar

j,o,r,k,e~i,

jar-in

=to go about;

Vogul/Mansi

j,a~o~u,r,(γ~x),,

jouer

=travel;

Ostyak/Khanti

j,a~o~u,r,(γ~x),,

?jog@r

=become complicated (rotacism r-g); ?kore=legg, feet;

Lapp/Saami

j,œ,r,k,e,

jorg-ot

=chase, drive back, wind; jorrât=rush about, go around;

Turkic

j~ng,o,r,k,e,

yor,jür

=travel/Tatar; yürü/Turk; yuriu-du/Uigur;

Tungusic

_,o,r,k,e,

yura

=leave/Manchu;

.

*joŕε

ATESTED

= planing iron , shaver , to scrape , shave (tool) (v) (metal)

EmeGir/Sumer

ŋ~g,u,r,ε,

gur 10,14

=sicle < shaver,cutter; gur 5=separate,divide;

Magyar/Hungar

j~gy,a~é,r,ε,

nyír

=shave(j~gy~ny dialects); [r>l] gyalú=wood plane,gyal-ul=shave off;

Vogul/Mansi

j,a~o~u,r,,

iarr

=to plane, scrape, shave; iorγ=plane, scratch;

ALTAIC

j,o,ŕ,ε,

jïl-ïg

=cut,slice,shred/Chuvash;(most Turkic is is- not jil-)

DRAVIDIC

#,j,o,ŕ,ε,

kur-am

=knife; kar-ati=to fence (with swords);

.

*joη'e

ATESTED

= come (v)

EmeGir/Sumer

ŋ~g,u,(n~g),(e~a),

ŋan, ge_ 4

=come; gi_ 4=return; gan=bring forth; (dj>d) di-m=approach.

Magyar/Hungar

j~gy,a~é,n,e~i,

jöv, jö

=come; jön=comes; jöv-ö, jöv-endö =future;

Savard/Hungar

j,o,n,e~i,

jüv-endegh

=the future; jüvi =next; vüni=next(person);

Vogul/Mansi

j,a~o~u,(η),

jäj~juw

=come !frontvowel must have switched early to backvowel; jänt=come;

Ostyak/Khanti

j,a~o~u,(η),

jio-taγε, iotä

=come; jĕw=arrive, become, come, start;

Finn/Suomi

j,a~o,_,e~ie,

jää-dä

=be left, remain, stay?

Estonian

j,a~o,η',e~i,

jää-ma

=be left, remain, stay?

Turkic

j~ng,o,η',e,

jit

=comes/Uigur Turk; jät=comes/Turk

DRAVIDIC

#,j,o,η',e,

_in

=bring forth, produce, to bear;

.

*jukta

ATESTED

= entertain, recite, speak, tell, present > perform (v)

Magyar/Hungar

j~gy,u~o,ht>t,a~e,

ját-ék

=play; ját-sz-ik=play an instrument, perform, play a game;

Mordvin

j,o,j~v,d,a~o,

jovt-ams

=explain, narrate, report, state, tell, outline, plan;

Finn/Suomi

j,u~o,ht~ks,a~o,

jutt-

=amusement, chatting, entertainment, story, tale, speech;

Estonian

j,u~o,kt,ē,

_üte-l-ma

=to assert, declare, express, say, voice;

.

*juγe

ATESTED

= (or juγe) drink < ? joki= water, river? (v)

EmeGir/Sumer

ŋ~g,a~u,_,

*ŋa_ > na 8

=drink; _e 4, a =water; ?

Magyar/Hungar

j~gy,u~o,v~j,

_iv-, _i- , i-sz

=drink; iv-ás =drinking act.(j > i)

Savard/Hungar

j,u~o,v~j,

hüm-in ?

=to drink (m~v)

Vogul/Mansi

j,u~o~ö,γ~x~w,

äj-

.

Ostyak/Khanti

j,u~o~ö,γ~x~w,

jäńť-

.

Cherem/Mari

j,o~u,(γ),

jüä- ;düa-

.

Votyak/Udm

j,i~e,_,,

ju-

.

Zuryen/Komi

j,i~e,_,,

ju-

.

Finn/Suomi

j,u~o,(v),

juo-

.

Lapp/Saami

j,u~o,γ~k~hk,

jukkâ

.

Etruskan

z,a,γ,i~u,

_va-c-al ?

=libation; _vas=drinking vessel;

Turkic

j~ng,u,g,e,

jut-

= /Turkic, Chuvash ĕś=drink;

Mongolic

(j),u,g,e,

_ug

= /C.Mongol

.

*jälke

ATESTED

= sighn , track > ornament (v) (n)

EmeGir/Sumer

g,a,(l),_,

gal-am

=artistic? < ?ornament-er, decorator. (-am =deverbal suffix?)

Magyar/Hungar

(j),e,l,e~i,

jel~jegy

=sign,symbol,stamped ticket; jelv-ény =medal,decoration

Vogul/Mansi

j~i,ä~e,l(γ),,

iäγ-el

=ornament

Finn/Suomi

j,ä,l,k,e~ie,

jälki

=track

Estonian

j,ä,l,k,e~i,

jälg

=track

Lapp/Saami

j,ie~a,lg,e,

joelga-s

=track (from Finn)

.

*kaja-

ATESTED

= throw, toss (v)

EmeGir/Sumer

g>h,a~i,l,a,-,

*hil->_ill-uru

=bow,throwing stick;

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,a~e,j,a~e,-,

haj-it

=throw, toss;

Votyak/Udm

k,o~u,j,e~y,-,

kuj-al

=throw;

Zuryen/Komi

k,o~u,j,e~y,-,

koj-

=shed, shoot out;

Mordvin

k,a,j,a,-,

kaja-

=throw;

Mongolic

g,a,j,a,-,

xaja-

=throw/Khalkha

KELTIC

c,a,i,a,-,

cai-th

=throw away/Irish*;

.

*kajle

ATESTED

= (kaje?) bend , bend down , bow (v) 2nd_root for bow (tool)

Group

#,k,a,j,l,e,

U.A.S.D.E.

.

EmeGir/Sumer

g>h,a~i,l,(a),

gil-im

=twisted, bend; gil=to bend, bow, corrupted;

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,a~e,_,l,e~i,

haj-ol

=bow down; haj-li-t=bends; _ijj=bow; haj-lik=bending;_iv=arch

Savard/Hungar

h~g,a~o,_,l,e~i,

viju

=bow;

Vogul/Mansi

χ~h,a,j,l~Λ~t,,

xoi-t

=to bow, bend

Votyak/Udm

k,o~u,j,l,,

kuj-al

=throw up

Mordvin

k,a,j,l,o,

kaj-ams

=

Finn/Suomi

k,a,j~i,l,e~ie,

kaj-ra

=crooked;

Etruskan

c~k,a,_,_,

cala-ie

=bent, favor [az96]

ALTAIC

k,a,j,l,e,

gilu

=curved object;

Turkic

k~g,a,j,l,e,

gaj-ir

=bend/Uzbek; Kyly=bent object;

Mongolic

g,a,j,l,e,

gil

=bent object; ghalj-ir=crooked(of bow)/CMongol;xaji=bend/Kalmuk

Tungusic

x,a,j,l,e,

gil

=

DRAVIDIC

k,a,j,l,e,

cilai

=bow,bend

.

*kale

ATESTED

= (kale) sleep , rest , settle, spend the-night (v)

EmeGir/Sumer

g>h,a~u,_,(a),

ku_

=lie down ~ hu_-ŋ =repose, rest > _ù_ =sleep (pronounce "o");

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,a~ö,l,e~i,

hál_

=to lie down, to relax, go to bed; huny=shut the eye;

Vogul/Mansi

χ~h,o~u,l~Λ~t,i,

khúl-i

=spend the night, overnight; koj-, xoj- =to be lying down;

Ostyak/Khanti

k,ö,l~Λ~t,e,

χott-a, kàlt-a

=overnight;

Votyak/Udm

k,o~u,l,,

kõl,kül

=sleep over, go to bed, over night;

Zuryen/Komi

k,o~u,l,,

kol

=overnight;

Etruskan

c~k,a,l,i~u,

ce(i)-s -

= to lying (down), to exist somewhere;

Turkic

k~g,a,l,e,

kal-dïk

=rest/Tatar; qal- =to stay/Old Turk;

.

*kappe-

ATESTED

= defeat , grab, get, take (v)

EmeGir/Sumer

g>h,a~u,b,e~i,-,

gab-zi

=remover; gab-sa=buyer; hub, hup = depth, defeat; keš=to snatch;

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,a~e,p~b,e~i,-,

ki-kap

=defeat; (ki- = outward dir.); kap=receive, grab, take, be+ _=put into mouth;

Samoyed

k~χ,ā,p~b,e,-,

*kapte

=to castrate/P.Samoyed

Etruskan

c~k,a,p,e,-,

capi, qapi, heph

=to grasp, take, contain; cap-er=receipt; kape-=grasper,conqueror

Turkic

k~g,a,b,e,-,

kap-

=to grab, take /Turkish

DRAVIDIC

k,a,p,p,e,-,

kav-

=to catch;

KELTIC

g~ch,a,bh,-,

sciob, gabh

=grab, catch/Irish;

.

*kare-

ATESTED

resound, lound sound; (v) (n)

EmeGir/Sumer

g>h,a~u,r,e~i,-,

ad-ŋar

= give? a loud resounding sound;

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,a~e,r,e~i,-,

har-szó >hars-og, hars-on etc

=a resounding, loud sound; har-ang=a bell;

.

*karε

ATESTED

= (karε) bite > bite of food (v)

EmeGir/Sumer

g>h,a~u,r,i~e,

kur 6

=food ration;

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,a~e,r,ε,

har-ap

=bite,bit of food, kúra=food diet;

Votyak/Udm

k,o~u,r,,

kur-ťťśi-ni, kur-tči

=

Zuryen/Komi

k,o~u,r,,

kur-tči

=to bite into, to bite,to bite off;

Etruskan

k~χ,a,r,ε,

an-χarie

=point, tooth/AZ96

DRAVIDIC

k,a,r,ε,

kari, kar, kadr

=to chew; kar=to gnaw;

.

*katte

ATESTED

=(also χonte?)move , penetrate , influence (v)

EmeGir/Sumer

g>h,a~u,d~t,(e~a),

gud+uru

=border/boundary stone (also in Elamite)

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,a~e,t,e~i,

hot > hat~het

=affect,influence,impression(of person);hat-ár=border, boundary;

Ostyak/Khanti

k,a,t,,

ket-e

=creep,sneak up to, steal towards;

Votyak/Udm

k,o~u,ť~t,,

kut-

=catch, complete,keep,seize,take,follow;

Zuryen/Komi

k,o~u,ť~t,,

kut-ni

=be able to bear,carry,endure,stand,take;

Samoyed

k~χ,ā,tt~t,e,

qat-iqo

=force ones way (into)/Selkup

Turkic

k~g,a,t>d,e,

had

=boundary, limit /Turkish;

.

*kaða

ATESTED

= leave , let , allow , precative , cohortive , abandon (v) (suffix)

Group

#,k,a,ð,a,

U.A.S.E.

.

EmeGir/Sumer

g>h,a~u,(d~l),a,

ha-,hé_,da-, _dè-, _du5-

=let there be(precative,affirmative modal suffix)?kuš-um=abandon;

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,a~e,j~gy,a~e,

hagy-

=leave, lett, allow; -het- =lett,allow(precative, affirm),enged=allow;

Savard/Hungar

h~g,a~o,j,a~o,

en-gün

=allow;

Vogul/Mansi

χ~h,o~u,ĺ,,

kōĺ

=allow, let

Cherem/Mari

k,a~o~u,ð~d,,

koδ-em

=let

Votyak/Udm

k,o~u,ĺ,e,

kōĺ-ni,kiĺ

.

Mordvin

k,a,d~l,a~o,

kado-ms

.

Finn/Suomi

k,a,d,a~o,

kado-ta/kadu-ma

.

Lapp/Saami

g,o>uo,δδ,ē,

guoďď-et

.

Samoyed

k~χ,ā,ð~j,e,

kuote-t

.

Etruskan

c~k,a,x,a,

he-n

=to leave, let, permit [az96]

ALTAIC

k,a,ð,a,

k`oda

=finish, abandon;

Turkic

k~g,a,ð,a,

kojn

=leave, abandon; kod =let /Uigur Turk;

Mongolic

g,a,ð,a,

kon

=leave, abandon;

Tungusic

x,a,ð,a,

xoba-ni

=leave, abandon;

KELTIC

c,a,t,a,

chotu

= as in "ais-chotu" =feedback/??? "return affect?"

.

*kaćε

ATESTED

= split , slice (v) [Ugrian] ? *keće=knife,cut; (tool)

EmeGir/Sumer

g>h,a~u,š~s,i~e,

haš

=break or cut off;

EmeSal/Sumer

m,e,d~z,e,

middu, mitu-m

=a mythical weapon, mace?,

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,a~e,ś>sz,ε,

haś-it

=slice, cut in two; haś-ad= burst, crack apart, split;

Vogul/Mansi

χ~h,o~u,š~č,,

χåš-l

=break or come off, separate, flake, peel, scale off;

Etruskan

c~k,a,s~χ,ε,

cul-pi-u ?

=one who sculpts, engraves [AZ96]

.

*kaćε

ATESTED

= give, gift > dowry (v) (n)

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,a~e,ś>sz,ε,

hasz-on

=profit?, hozo-mány=dowry;

Votyak/Udm

k,o~u,ź~ž,,

kuz-uk

=dowry

Zuryen/Komi

k,o~u,ź~ž,,

kuź-ym

=gift, present

Mordvin

k,a,ć~ź,ε,

koź-in

=(wedding) gifts, bride's gift to the groom

Finn/Suomi

k,a,s~ts,ε,

kaze_

= give, present with; kaźme, kaźne =gift

.

*kaśwa

ATESTED

=gain, grow, increase > profit > useful, benefiting (v)

EmeGir/Sumer

g>h,a~u,š,_,

*haš > he_2

=abundance,

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,a~e,ś,v,

hasz-on

=profit, advantage, benefit; hasz-n-os=usefull; gazda=owner

Cherem/Mari

k,a~o~u,ž,_,,

kuš-k-am

=grow; kuž-im=gift?

Zuryen/Komi

k,o~u,z,(v),a,

koź-in

=weding gifts, gift;

Mordvin

k,a,ś,_,a~o,

kaś-oms

=enlarge, grow;

Finn/Suomi

k,a,s~ts,v,o,

kas-vaa

=

Estonian

k,a,s~ts,u,o,

kas-vama

=

Samoyed

k~χ,ā,s,b,e,

xaš-su

=

.

*kaδa

ATESTED

=(kaδa) abandon , leave , remain (v)

EmeGir/Sumer

g>h,a~u,d,a,

kud

=cut off,separate; (?merging of 2 homonyms 'cut' and 'leave')

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,a~e,l,a~e,

hagy

=leave, abandon, allow; (l>gy attested but uncommon )

Vogul/Mansi

χ~h,o~u,(l~t),,

xūĺi

=to abandon, leave;

Ostyak/Khanti

k,o~u,(l~t),,

kăj, kij, haj

=leave, let

Cherem/Mari

k,a~o~u,-,,

koda-

=be left over; kode- =abandon;

Votyak/Udm

k,o~u,(l~j),e,

kyĺ

=remove (a garment), remain;

Zuryen/Komi

k,o~u,(l~j),a,

koĺ

=abandon, remain;

Mordvin

k,a,d,a~o,

kado

=abandon, desert, leave behind;

Finn/Suomi

k,a,t~d,a~o,

kado-ta

=disappear,vanish;

Lapp/Saami

g,o>uo,ďď,ē,

guoδδe-

=abandon, desert;

Samoyed

k~χ,ā,d~l,e,

kojo-

=remain behind/Kamas;ka_e- =abandon,leave behind/Eńec; ..

Turkic

k~g,a,d>l,a,

koj-

=allow, decree,abandon,leave,let/OsmanTurk;

Mongolic

g,a,l,a,

xaj-ax

=/CMongol;

.

*kaηe

ATESTED

=(kaηe?) call(for), request (v) [uncertain]

EmeGir/Sumer

g>h,u,n,

gù_

=to utter a cry;

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,a~e,g~v,e~i,

ki~ hív ~ hij

=to call;

Samoyed

k~χ,ā,n,

han-dau?

=call/Jurak; kaηa =ask, beg, request/Eńeć; haaηa/Ńeńeć;

.

*keje

ATESTED

= mating, pleasure; kej-m=to rut, heat of mating > lust > love (v)

Group

#,k,e,j,e,

U.A.S.E.

.

EmeGir/Sumer

k,a~u,l,

kul

=sexually mature etc./jh; ki..ág =love/Gordon;

Magyar/Hungar

k,e~ö,j~gy,

kéj

=lust ~ kegy=care, good will, magnanimous ;

Savard/Hungar

k,e~i,l~dz,

gigyevi

= care, good will, ..

Vogul/Mansi

k(w),i,j~i,

kaii

=charming,magic songs; kim=play,call(of mating);koi-tä`

Ostyak/Khanti

k,e,j~i,

köj-

=speak incantations (of ecstatic shaman)?, kei-ti =rut

Votyak/Udm

k,o~u~e,j~i,

koi-ni

=rutting,mating;

Zuryen/Komi

k,o~u~e,j~i,

koj

=make amorous calling sounds;ka-m =mating, pairing;koi-ni=rut

Finn/Suomi

k,ee,_,

kii

=rut,mating; kii-ma=heat,rut; kii-m=desire,heat,mating season;

Lapp/Saami

g,æ~ie~i,ggj~kk,e,

gikk-ât

=to pair, play, call (of birds), call (at mating time);

Etruskan

c~k,e,(l~χ),

ceχa

= care, good will; cal=inclined; ?caiti=happyness, being happy;

ALTAIC

k,e,j,e,

kaje

=to love, covet; gŭj-re =to love, like;

Turkic

k~g,e,j,e,

kyj

=to love, covet; gürel=to love, like/Trk;

Mongolic

k,e,j,e,

goju

=to love, like/Mng;

Tungusic

h,e,j,e,

kaji

=to love, covet; gužej=/Tng;

NOTES

koí/Korean, kuap/Japan

.

.

*kere-

ATESTED

= bind > rope > fence in (v) (tool)

EmeGir/Sumer

k,a~u,r,e~i,-,

kíri

=rope, kára=encircle, besiege

Magyar/Hungar

k,o,r,e~i,-,

ker-it

=fence in(am & t deverbals)

Vogul/Mansi

k(w),i,r,i,-,

këri

=to weave together, to join

Ostyak/Khanti

k,e,r,e,-,

kir-da

=weave

Cherem/Mari

k,e~y~@,r,e,-,

ker-am

=

Votyak/Udm

k,o~u~e,r,o~u~e,-,

ker-tni

=

Zuryen/Komi

k,o~u~e,r,o~u~e,-,

ger-ed

=knot

Mordvin

k,e~i,r,e,-,

ker-ks

=to weave together flowers.

.

*kerje

ATESTED

= (kelke) request > want , need > ask (v)

EmeGir/Sumer

k,a~u,r,(e~a),

u-kur 3,4

=poor man (needy?); > áka_ = comand, to order;

Magyar/Hungar

k,o,r,_,e~i,

kér

=ask for, request, besech; akar=want; akar-at=the will; keres=search;

Votyak/Udm

k,o~u~e,r,(j),,

kury-

=beseech,ask for;

Zuryen/Komi

k,o~u~e,r,(j),,

kor_

=ask,beg;

Finn/Suomi

k,e~ie,r,(j),e~ie,

kerjä-tä

=to beg

Estonian

k,e~i,r,(j),e~i,

kerja-ma

=to beg

Lapp/Saami

g,æ~ie~i,r,j,e,

goerje-dit

=to beg

Etruskan

k,e,r,_,

cer, cer(i)-xun

= to ask, expect to get;

Tungusic

h,e,r,j,e,

kördjüö, körjüö

=to ask,beg /Sakha; χéri- =to call/Nanay; [limited presence]

DRAVIDIC

k,e,r,j,e,

kor-u, kor-i

=request, wish; kal =to get > acrue, exist; kir-av=search for;

NOTES

ker-t

=wants, needs, property/Egypt;

.

*kille

ATESTED

(?) shout "call ?" (v)

EmeGir/Sumer

k,i,l,(le),

ak-kil (2)

=shout, battle cry, lament loudly, noise; gù=exclaim, uttr a cry;

Magyar/Hungar

k,i~e,l,e~i,

kiál-t

=shout;

DRAVIDIC

k,i,l,l,e,

kal

=to shout;

.

*kimä

ATESTED

= [and karma] want, desire, wish [rm~lm]; *kame=pleasure; (v)

EmeGir/Sumer

k,a,m~n,(a~e),

kam_ 2

= to desire;

Magyar/Hungar

k,ö,m~v,e,

kiv-án

=desire; koma=close friend; ( ke_-l=need,(l>r) akar=want )

Mordvin

k,i~e,m,e,

karma

=want (l>r)

Finn/Suomi

k,i~y,m,ä,

himo

=lust, desire; (k>h)

Estonian

k,i~y,m~mb,ä,

himu

=lust, desire; (k>h)

Samoyed

s~k,i,m~β,e,

koma

=want/Eńeć; harwa/Neńeć;

Etruskan

c~k,e,m~v,a~e,

kama, kam-ti

=love, joy (?); cami-th-lεna=(girl?)friend,beloved,dear [az96]

Turkic

k~g,i,m,ä,

küb

=wish/Turkic; küvän=confide in/Chag;

DRAVIDIC

k,i,m,ä,

_ávu

=to desire/Ta;

.

*kiśe

ATESTED

= race , contest , fast (v)

EmeGir/Sumer

k,a~u,š,(e~a),

kaš_ 4

=fluent, speed, travel fast; ?gaz 2 =to defeat,vanquish;

Magyar/Hungar

k,a,sz~z,e~i,

küz-d

=compete,struggle,fight; gyöz=defeat,win; késö = late;

Vogul/Mansi

k(w),o~ä,ć~s,i,

kási

=race

Ostyak/Khanti

k,o,ć~s,e,

k@s-tä

=to race a horse; (ta=horse)

Estonian

k,i~y,s~ts,e~i,

kisa

=noise,quarreling,yelling ?

Lapp/Saami

g,i~ie,čč~ss,e,

giDždže

=fight,scuffle;

Etruskan

c~k,e,ś,i~u,

ceśu

=delays, puts of, one who indulges;

.

*kiśke-ma

ATESTED

tear, harm, irritate (v)

EmeGir/Sumer

k,a~u,s,e~i,_,

kuš-um

= to hurt, to scorn, reject, abandon; kuš 7 =destruction;

Magyar/Hungar

k,i~e,s,e~i,-m~v,_,

kiś-ál

= to irritate, anoy, cause consternation, argue ;

Mordvin

k,i~e,ś,j~v,e,-m,a~o,

k@śk@-ŕa-ms

='zwicken, nkeifen'

Finn/Suomi

k,i~y,s~ts,k,e~ie,-m,a~o,

kiskoa

= pull, jerk, overcharge, fleece; kiskaista =snatch;

Estonian

k,i~y,s~ts,k,e~i,-m,_,

kisku-ma

= abzihen, spleiSen, zerren, anfallen, beiSen;

Lapp/Saami

g,i~ie,čč~ss,k,e,-m,ē,

gâiko-t

=to tear, pull, something or at something;

.

*kola-

ATESTED

= (kule) die , death, dead (v)

EmeGir/Sumer

g>h,u,l,a,-,

gul ~ ha.lam

=to destroy; hal-ib=netherworld;

EmeSal/Sumer

m,e~i,l,e,-,

gel.le-èŋ, , gil

=to destroy,

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,o~a,l,a~e,-,

hal-ot

=dead(person), hal-ál=death; hal- =die(human);

Savard/Hungar

h~g,o,l,a~o,-,

jala ?

=death; jalen=to die;

Vogul/Mansi

χ~h,a~o~u,l~Λ~t,a,-,

hool

=die ; ?hool-ater=the devil of the underworld;xoli-ati=to die,ruin;

Ostyak/Khanti

k,a~o~u,l~Λ~t,a,-,

χăλ,kăt

=die

Cherem/Mari

k,a~o~u,l,a~o~u,-,

kole

=die

Votyak/Udm

k,o~a,l,e~y,-,

kul-em

=die

Zuryen/Komi

k,o~a,l,e~y,-,

kul-

=die

Mordvin

k,o~u,l,a,-,

kulo

= die

Finn/Suomi

k,a~o,l,a,-,

kuole

=die

Estonian

k,a~o,ll,a,-,

kool-ma

=die; kulu =wear,be consumed, be used up, pass away,elapse

Samoyed

k~χ,u~o,l,ā,-,

kaa- /Eńec; kü- /Kamas; haa-/Neńec; ku-/Daŋasan; qu-/Selkup;

.

Etruskan

c~k,a,l,a,-,

cal-u

=the deceised, the dead person; calu=god of dead; calu-śt-la=immortal;

DRAVIDIC

k,o,l,a,-,

kâl-

=to die; kattai, catta =dead

NOTES

kha-t

=a dead body, corpse, a mumified body/Egypt;

.

*korε

ATESTED

= bent , bend , curved , bow (v)

EmeGir/Sumer

g>h,u~a,r,i~e,

gúr

=circle, sphere, bow down, hoop, loop, ring, submit

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,o~a,r,ε,

hár-ul

=bend, get lost, fall to the lot; gör-be =crooked, bent;

Ostyak/Khanti

k,a~o~u,r,,

χor

=river bend;

Votyak/Udm

k,o~a,r,,

kir-iDž

=bent, crooked,curved, cunning, false, sly;

Samoyed

k~χ,u~o,r,ε,

χara

=askew,crooked/Neńec; kare-ηdal=crooked/Selkup;

KELTIC

g~ch,o,r,ε,

cuar

=curve/Irish;

.

*końe

ATESTED

= backward , lay back (v)

EmeGir/Sumer

ŋ>g,u,ŋ>n,(e~a),

huŋ ~ hun

=rest >> ku_=lie down;

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,a~é,ny,e~i,

hany-at

=supine ~ hen-ter-eg?=to roll around laying down;

Vogul/Mansi

χ~h,a~o~u,ń>n,i,

k`ånä,χoni

=on the back,backward; xonDža

Ostyak/Khanti

k,a~o~u,ń>n,e,

kŏn-Dža

=on the back;

Mordvin

k,o~u,ń,o,

kun-ft

=on the back,backward;

.

*koδe

ATESTED

= remove , scrape , to skin (v)

EmeGir/Sumer

g>h,u,d,(e~a),

kud, ku_ 5

= cut off, separate; kid 2,7=remove, open;

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,a~é,l,e~i,

héj-az? [l>ĺ>j]

=to remove the outer cover, rind, skin etc.

Vogul/Mansi

χ~h,a~o~u,(l~t),i,

haĺt, kõlt

=peel;

Cherem/Mari

k,a~o~u,-,e,

kõda-sa, kuda-sa

=undress;

Votyak/Udm

k,o~a,(l~j),,

kyĺy

=remove, scrape, skin;

Zuryen/Komi

k,o~a,(l~j),,

kuĺ

=flay, skin, peel, undress;

.

*kulε

ATESTED

= fall off, fall down; (v)

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,u~o,l,ε,

hull-

=fall down/off, drop down/off; to fall dead;

Vogul/Mansi

χ~h,u~o~ö,l~Λ~t,,

χul

=break,come, work away or off; χåli=cease, come to and end,vanish

Ostyak/Khanti

k,u~o~ö,l~Λ~t,,

kòλ

=cease come to an end ;

Zuryen/Komi

k,i~e,l,,

gilvani

=fall down/off;

Finn/Suomi

k,u~o,l,ε,

kulu-a

=to be consumed, wear away;

Estonian

k,u~o,ll,ε,

kulu-ma

=to be consumed, wear away;

.