Sumerian, Etruscan, Uralic, Altaic, Dravidian Cases & Verbal suffixes & modifiers
updated August 4, 2006
(Corrections, additions and comments are welcomed.   millenia@cwnet.com )

Noun Cases


Modern Romance languages retained little of the former noun cases and complex tense-aspects verbal morphology which Latin had. What survived was the mixed "kitchen language" of the servants of the Romans and not the real classical Latin. The Etruscan forms are still highly controversial. Much of these I wrung out from the definitions of the relationships that were decoded by linguists. Most of the Sumerian forms are generally accepted forms, but there are still some grammatical particles that aren't understood. For lack of space the variations due to sound harmony arent shown in these tables at all.

Noun Case

Meaning

Latin

Etruscan

Finnish

Estonian

Hungarian

Turkish

 Tamil

Hurrian

Sumerian

single/plural

 

puell=girl

 

jal=foot

jal=foot

hajó=ship

kapu=gate

 

-

ka=door,entrance

plural

-s


puell-as


aesa-r
(gods)

-t


-d

-k

-lar
(anc -n,t)

 -kal

-na

-ene (human )
-h (non human)

nominative s
subject.

subject

puella

-ca

jal-_

jal-_

hajó-_

kapu-_

 _

-s'th

-a / -ga

accusative
direct object

object

puell-am

-ca

jal /-n/-t/-

was!  -n

hajó-t

kapu-nu

 -ai

-n

ka-ni

accusative p

-

puell-as
libr-os

 

jala-t

-

hajó-k-at

kapu-lar-u

.

-

-

locative

-

 .


-na

-

 .

i-tt
-n

-de, -da

 -il (place)
-itam (persn)

-

-ta11, -da,
igi-a
-na

genitive 1 s

of the

puell-ae

ais-na

jal-an

jal-a

hajó-nak

kapu-nun

 -in,
 -utaiya

-(w)ei

ka-ka &-na

genitive 2 s

-

-

 

-

 .

hajó-é

-

.

-(w)ei

ka-a

dative #1 s
indirect object

(give) to/for

puell-ae

-nac
ras -na
man-in

-

 .

hajó-nak

kapu-ya

-(u)kku "to"
-(u)kkaka"for"

-

ka-ma (1st p)
ka-ra (2nd p)
ka -na (3rd p)

dative #2 s

(give)to/for

 

 

-

 .

számá-ra

kapu-ya?

.

-

ra, še

dative #2

(give) to/for

 

 

-lle

 .

számunk-ra

kapu-lar-ya?

.

-

-

dative-agentive

from/of
to do with

Alsa-shi, -i

 .

 .

 .

társ-i

 .

.

 

 

partitive s

 out of
/from

 .

 .

jal-tä/ta/a

jala-t

hajó-ból

kapu-dan

.

-ta

ka-ta

lative s

 .

 .

klumi-e

-s

 .

 .

 .

.

 

 

illative s

into, to

 .

-apl ?
-vels?

-n/-hn/seen

jal-ga

hajó-ba

kapu-da?

.

-

ka-ku
(bar=in, ib=middle)

illative 2 s

to

 .

 ..

-

jal-asse

Pest-re /-hoz

-

 -ukku

-

-še

elative p

out of

 .

eleiv-ana?

jaloi-sta

jalgad-est

hajók-bol

kapu-lar-dan

.

-

-

allative s

up to, to

 .

 .

jala-lle

jal-ale

hajó-hoz

kapu-y-a

.

-(a)se

ka-ku, -še

sublative s

onto top

 .

tame-ra

-alle/-nne

(ära=up)

hajó-ra

kapu-üst-ün-de

.

-heá

ka-ra-

ablative s

away from

puell-a:

arithi-ale,
Uni -al
Rasn-al

jala-lta

jal-alt

hajó-tól
Pest-röl

kapu-dan

  -il,
  -ininru
  -iliruntu,
  -iruntu

-ne

ka-ta
ka-ra 11

delative s

off of

 .

 . lu-ri ?
& ablaitive

-alta/-ältä

 

.

hajó-ról
le-

--

.

-

ka-ri- /L86

prolative s

 .

 .

 .

-tse

 .

 .

 .

.

 .

 .

innesive s

inside of,in

 .

api-ase
acal- vi
kelu-ben

jala-ssa


jal-as

hajó-ban

kapu-da

.

-

ka-ta
(bar=inside)
ka-bi-a?

essive s

being as

 .

.

jalka-na/nä

jala-na

hajó-ul

kapu-tek

.

-

-

adessive s

at, next to

 .

kl-umi-e

jala-lla

jal-al

hajó-nál

kapu-jan-in-da

-il (place)
-itam (persn)

-

ka-ni/ri
ka-la

abessive s

without

 .

 .

jala-tta

jala-ta

hajó-tlan

kapu-suz

.

-

-

superessive s

on, upon

 .

 .

-alla/-ällä

 .

hajó-n

kapu-üst-ün-de

.

-

an-ka

instrumental

by way of

 .use the
ablaitive

 .

- -ten?

 .

hajó által

kapu-la

 -al

-

ka-ta/-da
-li, -le

translative s

change to

 .

 .

jalka-ksi

jala-ks

hajó-vá

-

.

-

ka-ba

comitative s

with

 .use the
ablaitive

 .

-x

jala-ga

hajó-val/-al

kapu-ile

.

-ra

ka-da

terminative s

as far as

 .

ar-ce
avil-x-val

-


jala-ni

hajó-ig

-

.

-

ka-šć(arch)
, ég, íg, ik,
ka-še

terminative s

to, up to

.

.

-

 

város-ig

-

.

-

uru-aš,-še, -eše

locative terminal

-

 .

 .

-

 

-ni, -nyé

-

.

-

-ni-, -e

equitative s

be like

 .

 .

-

-

hajó-ként

kapu-gimi

 

-

ka-gin 7

  vocative

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

 -e, -ä

 

 

matches

 

 

8 ?

9

7

33

7

3

 

21

For Sumerian Thompson claims only the Genetive (-ak), absolutive (ř), ergative (-e), dative (-ra, -na), locative (-a, -ni), comitative (da),
terminative (še), ablaitive-instrumental (-ta), ablaitive (-ra-) locative-terminative(-e, -ni), equitative (gin 7) for Sumerian.

 

Language

Etruscan

Finnish

Estonian

Hungarian

Turkish

  Tamil

Hurrian

Sumerian

        infinitive "to"

    .

.

.

        ir-ni

   ver-mek

.

.

   .

verb> noun
deverbal #1

mulu-ven-e
zelar-ven-as
tiur-uni-as

 .

 .

nö-vény
tör- vény
kér-vény
kor-mány
véle-mény

 .

-vi, -ppu

 .

 .

verb>noun
&  formative
(archaic)

pul-um

 .

 .

foly-am
üz-em
ár-am
hal-om
ter -em

 .

.

 .

 gal-am
 gaš-am
gid-im 2
gil-im
gur-um
in-im
kil-im
kur-um
lir-um
par-im

verb>noun
deverbal #2

 .

-

 

-

ura-lom
féle-lem

 -

.

-sa

nam-gal
nam-tar

verb>noun
deverbal #3

 .

-

 

-

törme-lék
föze-lék
haj -lék
tarta-lék

kapu-luk

.

-

nig-sag
nig-dug

verb>noun
deverbal #4

zil-at

      -


.

keres-et
üzen-et
köszön-et

 .

 -tu

 .

 lug-ud
 maš- da
sab-ad 2,3

adj. >noun
& collective

cexa-se
tana-sha

(sukku=family)

-

úr-ság
kun-ság
boldog-ság
gyorsa-ság

-

 -tanam

-

 

verbative
noun,adj>verb
& Causative "makes, does"

 .

 .

 .

kész-ül
gyász-ol
szav-al
gond-ol

 ..

 -pi (n>v)

 ..

 .

 verbative
 adj, noun >verb
& verb formative
& causative
"makes,does"

..

..

.

vil-og
for-og
csill-og
mor-og
dad-og

öl-dür-mek
  pis-ir-t-mek

 -aakku (adj >v)
(to make)

.

sil-ag
ŋeš-tu-g?
dir-ig
dad-ag

 

noun>adj.
& adjectival

calu-su
tur -za

 .

 .

kegy-es
tév-es