This one similar word group "KAD'/KAND" may explain a range of Ural Altaic & Dravidian terms dealing with;
While they are not usually reconstructable as from a single
root, it seems that in a conceptual sense they are similar enough
in a general sense to ultimately be from an earlier common word
which in various context meant a range of these meanings. As a
group the main root words look like this.
| Meaning\Lang | Sumerian | Dravidian | Uralic | Altaic | |
| 1 | Marriage/woman | GA-an | KUT-a | *KAD'-we | KAT-un |
| 2 | Tie/bind | KAD | KATTU | *KIT-ke | ÇAT |
| 3 | Feeling/care | KIAG | KÓTI (joke) | *KENT | KED-ir |
| 4 | Clan/collective | KUD/ HU | KUTTU/KUTIR | *KUNTA | KAT-Il |
| 5 | house/family | GUD | GUDI/KUTI | *KAT | KAT/KOTA |
| 6 | back/boundary | HA/_ED-in | CATir/_Adir | *KUTTE | KUT/GÖT/*? |
| 7 | warrior/man | GÙD 2/GI | KANTAN | *KONT/KAC'A | - /KOCA |
These are illustrated with examples in the following lists.
From south to north and to the east the root word for clan-home
is *KAD' in the U.A and Dravidian languages which share many basic
words, similar agglutinative language structure, lack of pronoun
gender, and many shared suffixes.
SUMERIAN WORDS
The Sumerian version of the same words not only have these but can also explain their origins!
Sumerian KI =place + TU 12=to obtain a wife = KITU,. (similarly
DU, DUG=intercourse) Similarly KU=to base, to found, build, lie
down..
| 1 | GA-an | t> | queen/lady |
| . | GIT-lam | t | lover/spouse/first husband |
| . | GIL-im | d'>l | bridal crown |
| 2 | KAD 4.5 | . | tie together (English knot?) |
| . | KÉ | d> | fasten/ harness |
| . | GIT-lam | d>t | first husband(lam=1st);lover/spouse |
| 3 | KI-AG | d>g | Love |
| 4 | uru-KUD | d | tribal settlement(uru =town; city) |
| . | HÁ | d/t>s>ø | numerous; diverse (English Kin) |
| 5 | GUD | d | nest (?home) |
| . | KIS-im | d/t>s | pen; stable (collective?) |
| . | KUU | d/t>s | herd of sheep or cattle(collective?) |
| . | GUD | d | "domestic" ox |
| . | KUD=alû | d | "stadt; schar; stamm; heimat; kreis" =
city; crowd;trunk/tribe;settlement |
| 6 | HA 4 | d/t> | back (English guts) |
| . | _ED-IN | h/k>ø | back land; hinterland; back; spine; |
| . | . | h>Ø | grazing land |
| 7 | GÙD 2 | d | clansman >> warrior |
| . | GÚDI-BIR | d | war [like Ugor/kónt; Hung/ had; há_boru] |
| . | GE 2.3 | d/t>s | man [Turkic GAZI] |
| . | GI | d/t>s | male, man |
DRAVIDIAN Examples
| 1 | Tamil | kittu | d>t | to draw near; be on friendly terms |
| . | Tamil | kuta | d>t | come together with; |
| . | Tamil | kud | d | to marry |
| . | Tamil | kutal | d>t | sexual union; meet; tie; bind |
| 2 | - | Kuttu | t | unite; join; combine; fellowship |
| . | Tamil | kattu | t | to tie, fasten, build, building, wear |
| . | Tamil | kot | t | tie, build, knot, bundle |
| . | Tamil | kotan-tam | t | ? rope for punishment |
| 3 | Tamil | kótti | d>tt | pleasantry; joke |
| 4 | - | kut-ar | d>t | members of a tribe |
| . | Tamil | kuttu | d>tt | bunch; cluster; assembly; family |
| . | Tamil | kutir | d>t | to be settled |
| . | Te | kuduru | d | to be settled |
| 5 | Malayam | kuti | d>t | house; hut; family; tribe |
| . | Tamil | kuti | d>t | house, abode, family, lineage, town |
| . | Kannada | kutu | d>t | nest; coop; pen also gudu=nest |
| . | Kannada | gudi | d | house |
| . | Kannada | gudu | d | nest |
| . | To | kus | d/t>s | room |
| 6 | "back?" | d | back >> sheltered area? | |
| . | Tamil | catir | d>t | boundary; limits (of a tribe ) |
| . | Malayam | _adir | d | boundary |
| . | Kannada | _adiri | d | boundary |
| 7 | Tamil | kant-an | d>nt | warrior; husband |
| . | Te | gandu | d>nd | bravery; strength |
| . | Ko | gand | d>nd | male |
From the south all the way to the northern nations.
| 1 | Uralic | *KAD'WE | d' | sweetheart, beloved etc << ties |
| . | Hungarian | kegy- | d'>gy | love/care |
| . | Hungarian | kedves | d' | dear |
| . | Hungarian | Kedély | d'>d | good cheer |
| . | Hungarian | Hölgy | d'>gy | dame/young-attractive lady |
| . | Hungarian | Kelengye | d'>l | bridal trusou |
| . | Ostjak | kei/koiex | d'>l>i | wife |
| . | Vogul | khal' | d'>l | Female |
| . | Lapp | Gadfe | d'>d | female hermelin |
| . | Hungarian | Gond | d'>ndd | care/worry/thoughtfullness |
| 2 | - | *KITKE | t | to tie; to bind |
| . | Finnish | kitke | t | to bind; fasten |
| . | Estonian | kütke | t | halter |
| . | Lapp | gietku | t | (cow's) collar |
| . | Votjak | ketki | t | to harness a horse |
| . | Vogul-Ug | koté | t | to tie |
| . | Hungar | kantár | t>nt | reins of a horse |
| . | Hungar | köt | t | tie |
| . | Hungar | köt-él | t | rope |
| . | Hungar | köt-el-es | t | obligated |
| . | Hungar | ketté | t | apart; split into two; kettö=2. |
| 3 | Ugor | *KENTE | nt | mood, feelings |
| . | Hungarian | kedv | nt>d | good cheer |
| . | Hungarian | ked-ély | nt>d | good feelings; gladness |
| . | Hungarian | gond | nt>nd | worry; care;
thoughtfull-caring >> thought |
| . | Vogul_Ug | kant | nt | anger (original meaning mood/feeling) |
| . | Ostjak-ug | kent | nt | anger |
| 4 | Uralic | *KUNTA | NT | clan |
| . | Finnish | kunta | nt | township |
| . | Estonian | kond | nt>nd | all of a families/clan's children |
| . | Ugrian | *xónt | nt | army; clan; <? *kante =anger |
| . | Hungarian | had | nt>d | clan; army; multitude; |
| . | Hungarian | konda | nd>nd | herd of small animals.(collective) |
| . | Hungarian | haza | nt>z | homeland |
| . | Hungarian | köz- | nt>z | common; communal; community;central |
| . | Hungarian | köz-ség | nt>z | town-ship |
| . | Hungarian | Kádár | nt>d | clan official of sort |
| . | . | . | . | <?> Turkish kadi =religious judge. |
| 4+ | Ugor | *KITE | t | central-communal, near, |
| . | Vogul- | kwät'l | t | center |
| . | Ostjak- | kôt | t | between rooms |
| . | Votjak | kusip | t>s | in between, common area |
| . | Hungarian | küsz-öb | t>sz | doorsil |
| . | Hungarian | köz-ép | t>z | central |
| 5 | Uralic | *KAT | t | house; home; clan; (nest) |
| . | Lapp | goatte | t | tent |
| . | Finnish | kota | t | hut, cook house |
| . | Estonian | kad | d | house |
| . | Cheremis | kudhe | dh | summer hut |
| . | Ostjak | xat | t | house |
| . | Mordvin | kud | d | house |
| . | Hungar | ház | t>z | house; clan |
| . | Hungar | ház-as | t>z | married; ház-as-od=marry. |
| . | Hungar | kot-ló | t | nesting hen << nest/mate |
| 6 | Uralic | *KUTTE | k | back; behind > sheltered area |
| . | Ugor | kútái | k | to behind |
| . | Ugor | khutél | k | from behind |
| . | Samoyed | kottli | k | backwards |
| . | Hungarian | hát | k>h | back |
| . | Hungarian | hát-ul | k>h | behind (ul=locative suffix) |
| . | Hungarian | határ | k>h | border; boundary
nonagricultural hinterland often for grazing. |
| 7 | Ugor | *xónt | t>nt | clan/army |
| . | . | *kac'a | t>c' | worker; young man; male. |
| . | . | kum/koje | t>m | man |
| . | Vogul-Ug | ku | t>s | worker; servant? |
| . | Hungarian | hös | t>s | hero |
| . | Hungarian | gyöz | t>z | victor; kos=ram. |
| . | Hungarian | t | katona = (anc.) clansman >> soldier | |
| . | Hungarian | d | had=troops;hód-it=conquer; | |
| . | Hungarian | há-boru | -d | war |
| . | Hungarian | kend | thee [ a special respectful way a Hungarian wife used to call her husband or a man calls a nobleman.] | |
| . | Samoyed | kod/kitje/keec^ | worker; servant |
.
In traditional Hungarian stories it is often the one who sacrifices
for others who is considered to
be the hero, rather than the one who
makes a big splash to be noticed. It may be that this became a
specialized meaning in Ugrian. Unfortunately I have few reference
books on Altaic, and the local libraries are also worthless on
this subject so the few words I was able to collect derive predominantly
from second hand sources and fellow language enthusiasts.
ALTAIC WORDS
| 1 | . | *KUNT | nt | bride/lady/mate |
| . | Altaic | katun | t | clan queen; tribal queen; lady ( |
| . | Turkish | kadIn | d | woman; lady |
| . | Turkish | katIl | t | join; participate; merge |
| 1+ | Turkish | kus'ak | t>s' | generation [t>s] |
| . | Turkish | kuc'ak | t>c' | lap; embrace |
| . | Turkish | kiz | t>z | girl; kisi =individual =person |
| . | Turkish | kIsrak | t>s | mare |
| 2 | . | *KOT? | T | tie; bind together |
| . | Turkish | kitle- | t | to lock |
| . | Turkish | kos'- | t>s | harness |
| . | Turkish | katar | t | convoy ( as a group) |
| . | Turkish | kenet-le | nt | clamp; bind tightly |
| 3 | - | KED? | feelings | |
| . | Turkish | keder | grief; sorrow |
| 4 | *KUNT? | D' | clan/nation /origin | |
| . | Turkic | *qotu | d>t | clan; tribe; sex; nationality |
| . | (modern böyü from different origin) | |||
| . | Kalmuk | xuda | d | in laws; relatives. |
| . | Mongol | quda | d | in laws; relatives |
| . | Kalmuk | xuB | d>B | root; origin |
| . | Mongol | qud | d | root; origin |
| . | Uigur | qoda/qot | d/t | root; origin. |
| . | Japan | kuni | d'>n | nation [nt> n] |
| . | Hun | hun/kun | d'>n | nation? |
| . | Turkish | kat- | d'>t | to add (? Accumulate; collective?) |
| . | Turkish | kaza | d/t>z | district [t>z] |
| . | Turkish | kas-aba | d/t>s | small town; borough |
| 5 | . | *KAD' | d' | house/place |
| . | Turkish | kent | nt | town; (settlement) |
| . | Turkish | kat | t | apartment; flat |
| . | Turkish | konut | nut | residence |
| . | Azeri | kend | nd | country |
| . | Mongol | kota | t | city |
| . | Uzbeg | kota | t | house |
| . | Chagatai | kotan | t | "wiestall" ? stable of somekind? |
| . | Korean | kot | t | place;locality; site |
| 6 | . | *KAT | t | back > border |
| . | Turkish? | ka | t>s | border; limit |
| . | Turkish | göt | t | back;behind |
| . | Turkish | kic' | t>c' | back;rump |
| . | Chuvash | kut | t | back |
| . | Japan | _ato | t | back. |
| 7 | * | *KACA | t>c | Tribeseman >> warior; husband |
| . | Turkish | gazi | t>z | hero |
| . | Turkish | kend | t>nd | self |
| . | Turkish | koca | t>c | husband; man; elder |
A special variation of the KAD'/KAT root word is the K>S
variation which fundamentally means the same thing but ofter refers
to a more basic form of housing.
| **ChAT/ChUD | t>c' | HUT/TENT | |
| Sumerian | ita | t> | to bind; to join |
| Turkish | çat | t>ç | to firmly tie |
| Hungarian | csat | t>cs | clamp; clasp |
| . | . | . | . |
| Sumerian | it-im | t> | reed hut |
| Sumerian | sud-ug | t>s | dwelling |
| Turkish | çat-ir | t>ç | tent; roof structure |
| Hungarian | sát-or | t>s | tent |
| Dravidian/Ta | catu | t>c | refuge, shelter, screen |