Archaic terms for
clan/tribe/house/ties
Sumerian-Dravidian-Uralic-Altaic examples

Fred Hamori

This one similar word group "KAD'/KAND" may explain a range of Ural Altaic & Dravidian terms dealing with;

  1. marriage ties, mate
  2. community, clan, tribe, family
  3. feelings/love
  4. tribe, tribal group, clan
  5. house, home, family
  6. back, sheltered area, boundaries (of land)
  7. tribesman, warrior

While they are not usually reconstructable as from a single root, it seems that in a conceptual sense they are similar enough in a general sense to ultimately be from an earlier common word which in various context meant a range of these meanings. As a group the main root words look like this.

Meaning\Lang Sumerian Dravidian Uralic Altaic
1Marriage/woman GAŠ-an KUT-a *KAD'-we KAT-un
2Tie/bind KAD KATTU *KIT-ke ÇAT
3Feeling/care KIAG KÓTI (joke) *KENT KED-ir
4Clan/collective KUD/ HU KUTTU/KUTIR *KUNTA KAT-Il
5house/family GUD GUDI/KUTI *KAT KAT/KOTA
6back/boundary HAŠ/_ED-in CATir/_Adir *KUTTE KUT/GÖT/*?
7warrior/man GÙD 2/GIŠ KANTAN *KONT/KAC'A - /KOCA

These are illustrated with examples in the following lists. From south to north and to the east the root word for clan-home is *KAD' in the U.A and Dravidian languages which share many basic words, similar agglutinative language structure, lack of pronoun gender, and many shared suffixes.

SUMERIAN WORDS

The Sumerian version of the same words not only have these but can also explain their origins!

Sumerian KI =place + TU 12=to obtain a wife = KITU,. (similarly DU, DUG=intercourse) Similarly KU=to base, to found, build, lie down..

1GAŠ-an t>Šqueen/lady
.GIT-lamt lover/spouse/first husband
.GIL-imd'>l bridal crown


2KAD 4.5 .tie together (English knot?)
.KÉŠ d>Š fasten/ harness
.GIT-lamd>t first husband(lam=1st);lover/spouse


3KI-AG d>gLove


4uru-KUD d tribal settlement(uru =town; city)
.d/t>s>ø numerous; diverse (English Kin)


5GUD d nest (?home)
.KIS-imd/t>s pen; stable (collective?)
.KUŠUd/t>s herd of sheep or cattle(collective?)
.GUDd "domestic" ox
.KUD=alû d "stadt; schar; stamm; heimat; kreis" =
city; crowd;trunk/tribe;settlement


6HAŠ 4 d/t>šback (English guts)
._ED-INh/k>ø back land; hinterland; back; spine;
..h>Ø grazing land

7GÙD 2 d clansman >> warrior
.GÚDI-BIR dwar [like Ugor/kónt; Hung/ had; há_boru]
.GEŠ 2.3 d/t>s man [Turkic GAZI]
.GIŠd/t>s male, man

DRAVIDIAN Examples

1Tamil kittud>t to draw near; be on friendly terms
.Tamilkuta d>tcome together with;
.Tamilkud dto marry
.Tamilkutal d>tsexual union; meet; tie; bind

2-Kuttu tunite; join; combine; fellowship
.Tamilkattu tto tie, fasten, build, building, wear
.Tamilkot ttie, build, knot, bundle
.Tamilkotan-tam t? rope for punishment

3Tamil kóttid>tt pleasantry; joke

4-kut-ar d>tmembers of a tribe
.Tamilkuttu d>ttbunch; cluster; assembly; family
.Tamilkutir d>tto be settled
.Tekuduru dto be settled

5Malayam kutid>t house; hut; family; tribe
.Tamilkuti d>thouse, abode, family, lineage, town
.Kannadakutu d>tnest; coop; pen also gudu=nest
.Kannadagudi dhouse
.Kannadagudu dnest
.Tokus d/t>sroom

6"back?" dback >> sheltered area?
.Tamilcatir d>tboundary; limits (of a tribe )
.Malayam_adir dboundary
.Kannada_adiri dboundary

7Tamil kant-and>nt warrior; husband
.Tegandu d>ndbravery; strength
.Kogand d>ndmale

From the south all the way to the northern nations.

URALIC WORDS

1Uralic *KAD'WEd' sweetheart, beloved etc << ties
.Hungariankegy- d'>gy love/care
.Hungariankedves d'dear
.HungarianKedély d'>d good cheer
.HungarianHölgy d'>gy dame/young-attractive lady
.HungarianKelengye d'>l bridal trusou
.Ostjakkei/koiex d'>l>iwife
.Vogulkhal' d'>l Female
.LappGadfe d'>d female hermelin
.HungarianGond d'>ndd care/worry/thoughtfullness

2-*KITKE tto tie; to bind
.Finnishkitke tto bind; fasten
.Estoniankütke thalter
.Lappgietkuš t(cow's) collar
.Votjakketki tto harness a horse
.Vogul-Ugkoté tto tie
.Hungarkantár t>ntreins of a horse
.Hungarköt ttie
.Hungarköt-él trope
.Hungar köt-el-es tobligated
.Hungarketté tapart; split into two; kettö=2.

3Ugor *KENTEnt mood, feelings
.Hungariankedv nt>dgood cheer
.Hungarianked-ély nt>dgood feelings; gladness
.Hungariangond nt>ndworry; care;
thoughtfull-caring >> thought
.Vogul_Ugkant ntanger (original meaning mood/feeling)
.Ostjak-ugkent ntanger

4Uralic *KUNTANT clan
.Finnishkunta nt township
.Estoniankond nt>ndall of a families/clan's children
.Ugrian*xónt nt army; clan; <? *kante =anger
.Hungarianhad nt>d clan; army; multitude;
.Hungariankonda nd>nd herd of small animals.(collective)
.Hungarianhaza nt>zhomeland
.Hungarianköz- nt>zcommon; communal; community;central
.Hungarianköz-ség nt>ztown-ship
.HungarianKádár nt>dclan official of sort
... .<?> Turkish kadi =religious judge.
4+Ugor *KITEt central-communal, near,
.Vogul-kwät'l tcenter
.Ostjak-kôt tbetween rooms
.Votjakkusip t>sin between, common area
.Hungarianküsz-öb t>szdoorsil
.Hungarianköz-ép t>zcentral

5Uralic *KAT t house; home; clan; (nest)
.Lappgoatte ttent
.Finnishkota thut, cook house
.Estoniankad dhouse
.Cheremiskudhe dhsummer hut
.Ostjakxat thouse
.Mordvinkud dhouse
.Hungar ház t>zhouse; clan
.Hungarház-as t>zmarried; ház-as-od=marry.
.Hungarkot-ló tnesting hen << nest/mate

6Uralic *KUTTEk back; behind > sheltered area
.Ugorkútái kto behind
.Ugor khutél k from behind
.Samoyedkottli kbackwards
.Hungarianhát k>hback
.Hungarianhát-ul k>hbehind (ul=locative suffix)
.Hungarianhatár k>hborder; boundary
nonagricultural hinterland often for grazing.

7Ugor *xónt t>nt clan/army
..*kac'a t>c'worker; young man; male.
..kum/koje t>mman
.Vogul-Ugkuš t>sworker; servant?
.Hungarianhös t>shero
.Hungariangyöz t>zvictor; kos=ram.
.Hungarian tkatona = (anc.) clansman >> soldier
.Hungarian dhad=troops;hód-it=conquer;
.Hungarianhá-boru -dwar
.Hungariankend thee [ a special respectful way a Hungarian wife used to call her husband or a man calls a nobleman.]
.Samoyedkodš/kitje/keec^ worker; servant

.

In traditional Hungarian stories it is often the one who sacrifices
for others who is considered to be the hero, rather than the one who
makes a big splash to be noticed. It may be that this became a specialized meaning in Ugrian. Unfortunately I have few reference books on Altaic, and the local libraries are also worthless on this subject so the few words I was able to collect derive predominantly from second hand sources and fellow language enthusiasts.

ALTAIC WORDS

1.*KUNT ntbride/lady/mate
.Altaickatun tclan queen; tribal queen; lady (
.TurkishkadIn dwoman; lady
.TurkishkatIl tjoin; participate; merge

1+Turkish kus'akt>s' generation [t>s]
.Turkishkuc'ak t>c'lap; embrace
.Turkishkiz t>zgirl; kisi =individual =person
.TurkishkIsrak t>smare

2.*KOT? Ttie; bind together
.Turkishkitle- tto lock
.Turkishkos'- t>sharness
.Turkishkatar tconvoy ( as a group)
.Turkishkenet-le ntclamp; bind tightly

3-KED? feelings
.Turkishkeder grief; sorrow

4*KUNT? D'clan/nation /origin
.Turkic*qotu d>tclan; tribe; sex; nationality
. (modern böyü from different origin)
.Kalmukxuda din laws; relatives.
.Mongolquda din laws; relatives
.KalmukxuB d>Broot; origin
.Mongolqud droot; origin
.Uigurqoda/qot d/troot; origin.
.Japankuni d'>nnation [nt> n]
.Hunhun/kun d'>nnation?
.Turkishkat- d'>tto add (? Accumulate; collective?)
.Turkishkaza d/t>zdistrict [t>z]
.Turkishkas-aba d/t>ssmall town; borough

5.*KAD' d'house/place
.Turkishkent nttown; (settlement)
.Turkishkat tapartment; flat
.Turkishkonut nutresidence
.Azerikend ndcountry
.Mongolkota tcity
.Uzbegkota thouse
.Chagataikotan t"wiestall" ? stable of somekind?
.Koreankot tplace;locality; site

6.*KAT tback > border
.Turkish?kaš t>sborder; limit
.Turkishgöt tback;behind
.Turkish kic' t>c'back;rump
.Chuvashkut tback
.Japan_ato tback.

7* *KACAt>c Tribeseman >> warior; husband
.Turkishgazi t>zhero
.Turkishkend t>ndself
.Turkishkoca t>chusband; man; elder

A special variation of the KAD'/KAT root word is the K>S variation which fundamentally means the same thing but ofter refers to a more basic form of housing.

**ChAT/ChUD t>c'HUT/TENT
Sumerianšita t>što bind; to join
Turkishçat t>çto firmly tie
Hungarian csat t>csclamp; clasp
... .
Sumerianšit-im t>šreed hut
Sumeriansud-ug t>sdwelling
Turkishçat-ir t>çtent; roof structure
Hungariansát-or t>stent
Dravidian/Tacatu t>crefuge, shelter, screen