SOUND DERIV

WORDS ATTESTED

DEFINITIONS

*aηkańe

ATESTED

? antlers,horns, crown of horns (perhaps tied to ág=branch) (body)

Group

#,a,η,k,a,ń,e,

Hu.S.

.

EmeGir/Sumer

_,ŋ~g,a~u,ŋ>n,(e~a),

aga

= tiara, crown; + si=horn;

Magyar/Hungar

a,g,a~e,ny,e~i,

agan-cs

=antlers, crown of horns;

.

*ajηe

ATESTED

brain, brain marrow (body)

EmeGir/Sumer

a,g,(e~a),

ugu

=skull; á-gu=brain;

Magyar/Hungar

a,gy,e~i,

agy

=brain;

Mordvin

a,j,_,

uj

=marrow;

Finn/Suomi

a~e,j~i,(v),e~ie,

aivo(t)

=sleep; brain;

Estonian

a~e,j~i,(u),

aju

=brain, understand;

Lapp/Saami

vuo,ig,η~k,

vuoigηâš

=brain;

Tungusic

a,j,j,e,

ongoro

=skul structure/madchu

.

*apte

ATESTED

hair (body)

Group

#,a,p,t,e,

U.

.

Vogul/Mansi

a~ä,p,t,,

pun

=hair (?)

Cherem/Mari

u~o,p,δ~t,e,

ūp

=hair

Finn/Suomi

a~e,p,s,e~ie,

hapsen

=hair; hahta=fine hair;

Lapp/Saami

vuo,p,ht~tt,e,

vuokta

=head hair;

Samoyed

(v)o,p,d,e,

àbta

=hair/Nganasan; ŋä-ept =head hair/Nenets;

.

*ańća-

ATESTED

= groin area (body)

Group

#,a,ń,ć,a,-,

Ug.

.

EmeGir/Sumer

a,g,a,-,

_ga-l 4

= genitalia, vulva; _hal=crotch;

Magyar/Hungar

a,gy,a~e,-,

ágyé-k

=groin area

Vogul/Mansi

o~u,ńš~š,a,-,

úńš

=buttock, rear, rump

.

*aηe

ATESTED

= (aηe) mouth , opening (body)

Group

#,a,η,e,

U.A.S.

.

EmeGir/Sumer

_,k~h,(e~a),

_ku (ŋ>k)

=mouth;

Magyar/Hungar

a,g~v,e~i,

áj_

=opening,fissure,slit,ravine; aj-ak =chin,lip; aj-tó=door

Ostyak/Khanti

a~o,η(k)~γ,e,

oη

=mouth,opening,entrance,bay;

Cherem/Mari

u~o,(η~j),_,

äη

=mouth,opening,outlet;

Votyak/Udm

u,m~n,,

im, em

=mouth,opening; ym=estuary,mouth;

Zuryen/Komi

o~u,m~n,,

vom

=mouth,opening,outlet;

Mordvin

a,η~j~v,o,

οη~oj

=bit on a bridle;

Lapp/Saami

vuo,η~k,

vuoηâ-s

=mouth muzzle for a dog

Samoyed

(v)o,n,

ń-àη_

=mouth/Yurak; na'=mouth/Eńec; _ηa-n=mouth/Selkup; àη_/Kamas;

ALTAIC

a,η,e,

*ágà

=mouth, to open mouth

Turkic

a,k~η,e,

*agyŕ

=mouth

Mongolic

a,g,e,

*ag

=mouth

.

*ime-

ATESTED

= breast (body) also see *melkä

Group

#,i,m,e,-,

U.S.

.

EmeGir/Sumer

_,m~n,e~i,-,

uma-mu

=breast;

Magyar/Hungar

e,m~v,e~i,-,

em-lö

=mamalia, breast; em-lö-s= mamal animal;

Ostyak/Khanti

#,o,m~w,e,-,

em-Da , em-tä

=suck; am-m@m =breast;

Finn/Suomi

y~i,m,e~ie,-,

ime-ä

=breast

Estonian

i,m~mb,e~i,-,

ime-ma

=breast

Samoyed

i,m~β,e,-,

ńimńe

=breast/Yurak; ńimirim =suck/Tarvgi; ńemnap=suck/Selkup;

Turkic

e~a,m,e,-,

em-

=to suckle /Turkic;

.

*ipse-

ATESTED

= (+kke?) smell > taste > flavor (body)

Group

#,i,p,s,e,-,

U.S.E.

.

EmeGir/Sumer

_,,š~z,e~i,-,

_zí_

=stench; _ša-g, šig6, _ša_6=sweet,good; sah-ir=incense;

Magyar/Hungar

e,v,sz~z,e~i,-,

iz_

=flavor,sweet( smell*) ,_sza-g=smell; iz-lel=take a taste

Vogul/Mansi

#,i~ü,p,t,i,-,

ät

=smell; ätaη=smelly; et=flavor

Ostyak/Khanti

#,o,p,t~l,e,-,

ēp@t,ewal

=odor,smell; at=odor;

Cherem/Mari

i,p,ž,e,-,

üpś,

=odor,smell

Votyak/Udm

i,p,z,o~u~e,-,

opeś

.

Zuryen/Komi

i~a,p,z,o~u~e,-,

i_s_

=odor,stench;

Mordvin

o,p,z,e,-,

opōš

=odor,smell;

Lapp/Saami

i,p,s,e,-,

*apse>afse,avse

=odor; hapsa=odor,stench,reindeer excrement in summer;

Samoyed

i,p,s,e,-,

aptea; η-ap_-t

=odor,smell/Neńec; η-ob-ta=odor,smell/ηanasan;

Etruskan

a,p,s,e,-,

?_sli

=to taste, ?pour a libation [AZ96]

.

*iće

ATESTED

= shadow (spirit) of one's body, spirit, self; (body) (religion)

Group

#,i,ć,e,

U.S.E.D.

.

EmeGir/Sumer

_,š~s,e,

_zi

=soul, breath, breathing; sexual ardor; zu=know,mind-spirit

Magyar/Hungar

i~ö,ś>sz,e~i,

iz

= shadow spirit(arch); ?is-ten=god; szé-l=wind; szel-em=spirit;

Savard/Hungar

i,ch~s,e~i,

is-atha-in

=ancestor-father, god; chá`á =spirit,ghost;

Vogul/Mansi

#,i~ü,š~č,i,

is

=(in yiw-is) shade of a tree (is=shade, yiw=tree)

Ostyak/Khanti

#,o,š~č,e,

is

=mind, soul; is-χŏr=ghost,phantom, spirit; aťś- =I myself;

Votyak/Udm

i,ć~ś~č,,

ač-

=I myself;

Mordvin

i,ć~ź,o,

äś, eś

=oneself

Finn/Suomi

y~i,s~ts,e~ie,

itse

=oneself

Estonian

i,s~ts,e~i,

ise

=oneself

Lapp/Saami

i,čč~šš,e,

ieš, jieš

=oneself;

Samoyed

i,č~s,e,

eDZie

= myself, yourelf

Etruskan

a,s~χ,i~u,

ase

=breath,wind,soul,inspiration; ais, aiś, eis =god; Tin=father of gods; aiza=worship;

DRAVIDIC

#,i,ć,e,

col

=life, air, air blast;

KELTIC

#,i,s~z,e,

scáil

=spirit/??

.

*iη'e

ATESTED

= cheek , palate (body)

Group

#,i,η',e,

U.S.D.

.

EmeGir/Sumer

i,(n~g),(e~a),

unu 2

=cheek

Magyar/Hungar

e,n,e~i,

iny

=palate; iny-enc=some especially tasty food;

Savard/Hungar

i,n,e~i,

hije

=palate;

Votyak/Udm

i,n~ń,,

aη

=palate

Zuryen/Komi

i~a,n~ń,,

an

=gums, flesh around the teeth

Finn/Suomi

y~i,_,e~ie,

ien

=gums

Estonian

i,η',e~i,

ige?

=gums; (this form is not normal)

DRAVIDIC

#,i,η',e,

anni

=inside the cheek; in- =sweet,pleasant;

.

*jalka

ATESTED

= foot , legg , > walk "on foot" (body)

Group

#,j,a,l,k,a,

U.

.

EmeGir/Sumer

ŋ~g,a~u,(l),_,

ŋiri 3 [l>r?]

=road trip. feet. foot. step, way, path; dal =foot race;

EmeSal/Sumer

n~m,e,(l),_,

meri

=foot [l>r];

Magyar/Hungar

j~gy,a~ö,l,a~e,

gyal-og

=on foot;gyalog-ol =walk;[l~r] jár=go about;

Vogul/Mansi

j,a,l(γ),,

jala-si

=to stroll;

Ostyak/Khanti

j,a,l(γ),,

kore ?

=legg, foot, track [this may imply *ηalka not *jalka)

Cherem/Mari

j,a~o~u,l(γ),,

jol

=foot

Finn/Suomi

j,a,l,k,a~o,

jalka

=foot

Estonian

j,a,l,k,ē,

jalk

= foot, legg;

Lapp/Saami

j,o>uo,lg,ē,

juol'ge

=foot, legg;

ALTAIC

j,a,l,k,a,

àlakù

=to walk, step;

Mongolic

(j),a,k,a,

alku

=to walk, step;

.

*jäse

ATESTED

joint, limb > family branch; (body)

Group

#,j,ä,s,e,

U.A.

.

Magyar/Hungar

(j),e,sz~z,e~i,

_iz

=limb, particle, family clan?

Cherem/Mari

j,ä~e,ž,e,

j@ž@-η

=joint; jèž@η =gnarl (of plants), knot, limb, member;

Votyak/Udm

j,o~u,z,,

joz

= knot, limb, joint, member, muscle, nodule;

Zuryen/Komi

j,e~i,z,,

jez

=joint, limb;

Mordvin

j,ä~e,z,o,

_eź-ńe

=articulation, joint, limb, member;

Finn/Suomi

j,ä,s,i,

jäs-m

=joint, limb, member;

Estonian

j,ä,s,i,

jäse

=link (in a chain), limb, member;

Turkic

j~ng,ä,s,e,

jüz

=joint/Uigur; jüs/Soyot;

.

*jäηte

ATESTED

= bow string, tendon > nerve (tool) (body)

Group

#,j,ä,η,t,e,

U.E.

.

Magyar/Hungar

(j),e,d,e~i,

_id-eg

=nerve, bowstring; (jä >i) (-eg= formative), ideges=nervous

Savard/Hungar

(j),e,d,e~i,

itekh

=bowstring;

Vogul/Mansi

j~i,ä~e,nt,,

jaantew

=bowstring;

Ostyak/Khanti

j~i,ä~e,t,,

jöt@h

=bowstring, net¢ord;

Cherem/Mari

j,ä~e,δ,e,

j@däη

=sinew, bowstring;

Finn/Suomi

j,ä,n(t),e~ie,

jänne

=bowstring, tendon;

Samoyed

j,o~u,d~nt,e,

jeddi

=bowstring,tendon/Eńeć;neene=tendon,bowstring/Kamas;jeen/Ńeń

Etruskan

z,a~e,th>t,i~u,

_at-eri ?

=one who is irritated, irked < tight?

.

*kama

ATESTED

= membraine, peel, skin, covering (body)

Group

#,k,a,m,a,

U.

.

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,a~e,m~v,_,

hám_

=membrain, covering

Vogul/Mansi

χ~h,o~u,m,_,

kam-tul

=crust,rind;

Cherem/Mari

k,a~o~u,m~v,_,

kom

=crust,rind;

Votyak/Udm

k,o~u,m~v,_,

kum-el

=crust,rind;

Finn/Suomi

k,a,m,a~o,

kama-ra

=crust,surface, the hard surface of something;

Samoyed

k~χ,ā,m~β,(a),

kåm

=fish scale/Kamas; qååm_/ Selkup;

KELTIC

g~ch,a,m,a,

cumh-daigh

=cover/Irish*; comh-ad=cover; scamh =to unpeel, uncover;

.

*kappa

ATESTED

= breast , chest (body)

Group

#,k,a,p,p,a,

U.A.S.

.

EmeGir/Sumer

g>h,a~u,b,a,

gaba

= breast; chest; side (of a field or mountain)

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,a~e,p~b,a~e,

keb-el

=breast,chest

Vogul/Mansi

χ~h,a,p,,

keep-el

=bosom of a garment;

Finn/Suomi

k,a,pp~p,a~o,

kuba

=bird's chest;

ALTAIC

k,a,p,a,

kĕpV

=upper part of the body, chest

Turkic

k~g,a,b,a,

kabi-rga

=chest; geb-de=uper part of the body/Turk;

Mongolic

g,a,b,a,

gabi-rga

=chest/Mongol;

Tungusic

x,a,p,a,

keb-te

=upper part of the body;

.

*kattε

ATESTED

=[kuttε] back > hump > *kute =belly > abdomen (body)

Group

#,k,a,t,t,ε,

U.A.S.E.

.

EmeGir/Sumer

g>h,a~u,d~t,,

*had >haš 4

=back; _ed-in =back, spine, grazing land; aga_ =back

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,a~e,t,,

hát

=back; hát-ul=behind; (*tt>*t>s)

Vogul/Mansi

χ~h,a,t,,

χutai

=behind, back; huunt=lift upon one's back;

Ostyak/Khanti

k,a,t,,

kùt-λ

=in the 'protection' of the tree?

Votyak/Udm

k,o~u,ť~t,,

gač

=to lie on the back;(loan) [č~tć)

Zuryen/Komi

k,o~u,ť~t,,

gač

=from the back;(loan)

Finn/Suomi

k,a,tt~t,ε,

kanta

=to bear, to carry (on the back);

Samoyed

k~χ,ā,tt~t,ε,

kotti

=back,behind; koče=backwards/Selkup;

Etruskan

h,a,t,ε,

hut-ni

=cover,secrecy < behind; huts=cover; huti-la=custodian,protector;

ALTAIC

k,a,t>d,ε,

*gedi

=back;

Turkic

k~g,a,t>d,ε,

ged

=;

Mongolic

g,a,t>d,ε,

qotu

=/CMongol, xoto/Kalmuk;

Tungusic

x,a,t>d,ε,

qodo

=/Manchu;

KELTIC

g~ch,a,th>d,ε,

gead-a

=rear, back side, tail end/Irish *; ais-chotu=feedback

NOTES

_ato

=back/Japanese; _aa-t =backbone, haa-t=back/Egypt

.

*kače

ATESTED

abdomen, belly < to grow & increase (body)

Group

#,k,a,č,e,

U.A.S.

.

EmeGir/Sumer

g>h,a~u,š,(e~a),

háš

=lower abdomen; he_ 2=abundance;

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,a~e,ś,e~i,

haś

=abdomen, belly; hiz=to fatten; ?huś = ?flesh, meat;

Mordvin

k,a,s,o,

kas-o

=grow, increase, develop;

Finn/Suomi

k,a,s,e~ie,

kas-va

=to grow, increase;

Turkic

k~g,a,č,e,

kas

=swelling/Turk;

Tungusic

x,a,č,e,

heso

=navel?/Japan;

.

*kaĺke

ATESTED

= hair 1 (body)

Group

#,k,a,ĺ,k,e,

U.A.S.

.

EmeGir/Sumer

g>h,a~u,(l),_,

gu_

=thread, wool yarn, flax, hemp, net; à-ka_=fleece;

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,a~e,j,e~i,

haj

=hair; [l>j]

Vogul/Mansi

χ~h,a,j,,

χaj

=hairstrands;

Mordvin

k,a,lg~ld,o,

kalgo

=chaff,shive?

Finn/Suomi

k,a,lk,e~ie,

kalki

=single hair

Lapp/Saami

g,o>uo,ĺg,e,

guoĺgâ

=coat,hair

ALTAIC

k,a,ĺ,k,e,

*khïl

=hair/Altaic

Turkic

k~g,a,ĺ,k,e,

Kyl(k)

=hair;

Mongolic

g,a,ĺ,k,e,

kilga-su

=hair;

Tungusic

x,a,ĺ,k,e,

xiń-ŋa

=

NOTES

kár(h)-

=/Korean, kái/Japan

.

*kele

ATESTED

= (kele) speech , tongue , sing (body)

Group

#,k,e,l,e,

U.A.S.

.

EmeGir/Sumer

k,a~u,l,(a),

gal-a

="gal-lu" singing priest, cantor; ?gal-am=artistic;

Magyar/Hungar

k,e~i,l,e~i,

kiál-t

=shouts; köl-t-ö=poet (-t=deverbal, -ö=participle);

Vogul/Mansi

k(w),e,l~Λ~t,i,

kelä

=word, report;

Ostyak/Khanti

k,ö,l~Λ~t,e,

köl

=speech, word, news;

Cherem/Mari

k,e~y~@,l,e,

kõl

=chord, string;

Votyak/Udm

k,e~i,l,,

kyl

=language,tongue, speech, word;

Zuryen/Komi

k,e~i,l,,

kyl

=language,tongue, speech, word;

Finn/Suomi

k,e~ie,l,e~ie,

kieli

=language,speech,tongue, chord, string;

Estonian

k,e~i,ll,e~i,

keel

=tongue,language

ALTAIC

k,e,l,e,

*ki_ăli

=tongue/Altaic;

Turkic

k~g,e,l,e,

kele;

.

Mongolic

k,e,l,e,

kele;

.

Tungusic

h,e,l,e,

xilŋü

.

NOTES

kăró /Korean

.

.

*kińe

ATESTED

= a tear"from cying"(body)

Magyar/Hungar

k,i~e,ny,e~i,

könny_

=a tear; köny-ez=tears,weeps;

Votyak/Udm

k,i,ń,,

ki_li

=a tear;

Zuryen/Komi

k,e,ń>n,,

kiindjal

= a tear;

Finn/Suomi

k,i~y,n,e~ie,

kyyn-el

=tear

Lapp/Saami

g,i~ie,ń~n,e,

gânj-âl

=tear; (nj ~ ń)

Samoyed

s~k,i,n,e,

xajjo-el

=tear/Yurak; χājjoel=tear/Yenisey; kejel/Kamas;

.

*kińä-r

ATESTED

= elbow , joint , bend (body)

Group

#,k,i,ń,ä,-,r,

U.A.S.D.

.

EmeGir/Sumer

ŋ>g,a,ŋ>n,a,-,r,

gaŋ

=knee,joint (suffix er dropped)

Magyar/Hungar

k,i~e,ny,e,-,r,

köny-ök

=elbow ~ kegy-=bent; kany-ar =a bend in the road,river,etc;

Vogul/Mansi

k(w),i~ü,ń>n,ä~e,-,r,

känγ-@ĺ

=elbow

Ostyak/Khanti

k,o,ń>n,ä~e,-,r,

koηnai, košηai

=elbow;

Cherem/Mari

k,i,ń~n~j,ä~e,-,r,

kiń-er [ń lost]

=elbow;

Votyak/Udm

k,i,ń,o~u,-,r,

gi_r-pum [ń lost]

=elbow;

Zuryen/Komi

k,e,ń>n,e~i,-,r,

girďďźa

=elbow?

Mordvin

k,i~e,ń,ä~e,-,r,

keń-er

=forearm, bend;

Finn/Suomi

k,i~y,n,ä,-,r,

kyyna-ra

=elbow;

Estonian

k,i~y,n,ä,-,r,

küüna-r

=forearm;

Lapp/Saami

g,i~ie,ń~n,ie~a,-,r,

gaigηe-r, käηηir

=elbow;

ALTAIC

k,i,ń,ä,-,r,

keńa

=elbow,angle/Altaic;

DRAVIDIC

k,i,ń,ä,-,r,

gun

=to bend;

KELTIC

c,i,n,ä,-,r,

cuan

=bow, haven-harbor/Irish *;

NOTES

genicula

=elbow /Latin; (also IE)

.

*koja

ATESTED

= rind , shell , skin , bark > boat (tree) (body)

EmeGir/Sumer

g>h,u,_,

gi_4

=surround;

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,a~é,j,a~e,

héja

=bark ~ kagy-ló=shell (j~gy) ; hajó=boat;

Zuryen/Komi

k,o~a,j,a,

keja

=tree;

Finn/Suomi

k,a~o,j~i,a~o,

koja

=bark of a tree; rind;

Lapp/Saami

g,œ,j~i,

ku`oj`ε

=

ALTAIC

k,o,j,a,

k'úĺa

=bark, scales,scab

Turkic

k~g,o,j,a,

κuĺ

.

Mongolic

g,o,j,a,

kol-tasu; koli-

.

Tungusic

x,o,j,a,

kol-daksa

.

KELTIC

c,o,l,a,

hwyl

=boat/Welsh; [ boat hul/English]

.

*koja-

ATESTED

= (koja) skin , leather , shell (body) > birch=*kojwa (tree)

Group

#,k,o,j,a,-,

U.A.S.

.

EmeGir/Sumer

g>h,u,l,a,-,

kulla

=peel,membraine; gi_ 4=surround;

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,a~é,j,a~e,-,

héja

=shell, rind, covering; hüvej=shell/container; haj-ó=boat,ship;

Vogul/Mansi

χ~h,a~o~u,j,a,-,

χal

= birch (shell,rind?)

Cherem/Mari

k,a~o~u,(j),a~o~u,-,

kuγi

=boat < shelled-skinn container,boat

Zuryen/Komi

k,o~a,j,e~y,-,

köja

=tree "schwam?"

Mordvin

k,o~u,j,a,-,

kuj-ma

=basket, flat basin; kilej=birch bark;

Finn/Suomi

k,a~o,j~i,a,-,

koja

=bark,rind >> koivu=birch;

Estonian

k,a~o,j~i,a,-,

kõiv

=birch

Lapp/Saami

g,œ,j~i,-,

Gwõ`j`-εt

=shell-rind?

Samoyed

k~χ,u~o,j,ā,-,

kujo-ku

=birch; kua=birch;

ALTAIC

k,o,j,a,-,

*k`éjro

=bark/ProtoAltaic;

Turkic

k~g,o,j,a,-,

gaj-ik

=ship/Turk; hujer=bark, membraine/Chuvash;

Tungusic

x,o,j,a,-,

xaj

=to cover, enclose/Yakut; hifu=skin,membraine/Japan

.

*kollε

ATESTED

= testicle (body)

Group

#,k,o,l,l,ε,

U.S.

.

EmeGir/Sumer

g>h,a,l,l,,

gal 4

=genitalia, vulva; hal=crotch;

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,o~a,l,,

golyó

=a ball/marble >?testicle;

Votyak/Udm

k,o~a,l,,

ko'ĺ-an, keĺ-an

=testicle;

Finn/Suomi

k,a~o,l,ε,

kolli

=cat or dog in heat;

Estonian

k,a~o,l,ε,

koli

=testicle;

Lapp/Saami

g,œ,l,l,ε,

guoĺlâ ~kuoĺlâ

= scrotum;

Samoyed

k~χ,u~o,l,l,ε,

hile

=testicle /Neńeć; ki_ =penis/Kamas;

.

*kone

ATESTED

= (kone) shoulder , under arm , armpit (body) + ala=under

Group

#,k,o,n,e,

U.A.S.D.

.

EmeGir/Sumer

g,a,(n),

gun > gú_

=occiput, neck, nape;

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,a~é,n,e~i,

hón-alj ~ hony,holn

=arm pit (alj=under,below); hón=shoulder(arch

Vogul/Mansi

χ~h,a~o~u,n~ń,i,

khan-l, hånl

=armpit

Votyak/Udm

k,o~a,n,,

kun-ul

=armpit (-ul=under)

Zuryen/Komi

k,o~a,n,,

kun-uvt (uvt

=that which is beneath)

Finn/Suomi

k,a~o,n,e~ie,

kain-alo

=armpit

Estonian

k,a~o,n,e~i,

kaen-al

=the embracing arm

Lapp/Saami

g,œ,ń~n,e,

kaińń-el

=

Samoyed

k~χ,u~o,n~η,e,

kalin

=shoulder/ŋanasan;

Turkic

k~g,o,n,e,

qōn

=armpit,bosom/Turkic

DRAVIDIC

k,o,n,e,

kan-kúr, kama-katu

=arm pit;

.

*konε

ATESTED

= iner organs, inner spirit, soul (body)

Group

#,k,o,n,ε,

Ug.

.

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,a~é,n,ε,

*hon as in jo-hon

=inside, belly, heart,mind,liver,loin(archaic)

Ostyak/Khanti

k,a~o~u,n~ń,,

hon

.

.

*koppa

ATESTED

= bark, crust, skin, coat (body) (plant)

Group

#,k,o,p,p,a,

U.A.S.D.

.

EmeGir/Sumer

g>h,u,b,a,

huba > hup_

=weaver (?type of knoted cloth?); aš-gab =leather dresser;

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,a~é,p~b,a~e,

guba

=knoted woven coat; [g>k] kab-át=coat; (not necesarily from Turkic)

Cherem/Mari

k,a~o~u,w,,

kuwo

=hull, husk, scale, shell;

Mordvin

k,o~u,p~v,a~o,

kuvo

=bark, crust;

Estonian

k,a~o,b,ē,

kõba

=fir bark;

Samoyed

k~χ,u~o,p~b,e,

koba

=hide,skin/Neńec; kooba=hide,skin/Selkup; kufu/ŋanasan;

ALTAIC

k,o,p,a,

*k'āpha

=skin,pelt/Altaic; *kébo=shell, husk;

Turkic

k~g,o,b,a,

Kāp-uk

=/Turkic;

Mongolic

g,o,b,a,

kaw-da

=/Mongolic;

Tungusic

x,o,p,a,

xab-da

=/Tun;

DRAVIDIC

k,o,p,p,a,

kap

=cover;

NOTES

kapa

=/Japan

.

*kore

ATESTED

= [?käre ] bark , crust , peel , skin (body)

Group

#,k,o,r,e,

U.A.

.

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,o~a,r,e~i,

hár-tya

= membraine;kér-eg = rind, bark;

Vogul/Mansi

χ~h,a~o~u,r,i,

χor-p

=bark, crust, peel, skin

Ostyak/Khanti

k,a~o~u,r,e,

χur@-ap

=bread-crust; scaly skin; χāri=reddish inner skin of birch;

Zuryen/Komi

k,o~a,r,,

kir-ś

=bark (of a coniferous tree), thick bark under birch bark;

Mordvin

k,o~u,r,o,

kaŕ

=bast-shoe;

Finn/Suomi

k,a~o,r,e~ie,

kuori

=bark, crust, peel, skin;

Estonian

k,a~o,r,e~i,

koor

=shell (of an egg), skin (of fruit);

ALTAIC

k,o,r,e,

ki_ùrú

=bark,shell;

Turkic

k~g,o,r,e,

kyrtyl

= ;

.

*ku-ma

ATESTED

= forehead < "curved" upper part of the head (a) (body)

Group

#,k,u,-,m,a,

U.A.

.

EmeGir/Sumer

k,a~u,_,

ka_

= face, mouth (m~w >_)

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,u~o,-m~v,_,

hom-lok

=forehead;

Vogul/Mansi

χ~h,u~o~ö,-m,_,

xom-ta

=forehead;

Cherem/Mari

k,o~u,-m~v,_,

kim-es

=forehead;

Votyak/Udm

k,i~e,-m~v,_,

kim-ás

=forehead;

Mordvin

k,o,-m,a~o,

kùm-ek

=forehead;

Finn/Suomi

k,u~o,-m,a~o,

kum-o

=forehead ;

Tungusic

x,u,-,m,a,

χum-suri

=forehead /Gold; kum-cuhun /Manchu ;

KELTIC

g~ch,u,-,m,a,

cuma

=appearance, ?forehead/Irish;

.

*kuje

ATESTED

= (kuje) body fat 2, blubber , to fatten (body)

Group

#,k,u,j,e,

U.A.S.

.

EmeGir/Sumer

g>h,a~u,_,

he_ 2

=abundance > [h>blk] _ia =fat, oil, butter;

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,u~o,j~v,e~i,

háj

=blubber, body fat; hí_-z = to fatten; (v>blk also common)

Vogul/Mansi

χ~h,u~o~ö,j,i,

χut,jaj

=to fatten;

Ostyak/Khanti

k,u~o~ö,j,e,

χott@eta

=be fat ;

Cherem/Mari

k,o~u,(j),e,

kaj-a, koj-a

=fat, fatty

Votyak/Udm

k,i~e,j,,

köj, küj

=bacon, fat, tallow

Mordvin

k,o,j,o,

kuj-a, kuj-ε

=fat

Finn/Suomi

k,u~o,j~i,e~ie,

kuu

=fat, tallow

Turkic

k~g,u,j,e,

koju

=fat/Osman-Turk;

Mongolic

g,u,j,e,

guja

=/Mongol;

Tungusic

x,u,j,e,

χoju

=fat /Yakut-Altaic;

.

*kurε

ATESTED

= gut, intestine > cord, string, [probably Altaic] (body)

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,u~o,r,ε,

húr

=taut cord(of an instrument, or a trap), snare; hurka=meat & rice sausag

Samoyed

k~χ,ü~o,r,ε,

hurku

= cord, intestine/Ŋaŋasan; körü /Tavgi;

Mongolic

g,u,r,ε,

(h)uruq

= /Altaic, Tuvan, Mongol; (Mongolic, but Tuva once was FU)

.

*kuwla

ATESTED

= (kupla) makes bubbles > fish bladder (body)

Group

#,k,u,w,l,a,

U.S.

.

EmeGir/Sumer

g>h,a~u,_,l,a,

*hella > _ella-g

=bladder;?

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,u~o,l,a~e,

holy-ag

=bladder, blister; kopol-tyu=fish gills;

Vogul/Mansi

χ~h,u~o~ö,βl,,

kawel-m

=bladder, bubble; kaβl-elm, kamlex

Ostyak/Khanti

k,u~o~ö,βl,,

hòm@l

=bladder, blister, corn;

Cherem/Mari

k,o~u,βl,,

kõwõl, kuwõl

=water bubble;

Finn/Suomi

k,u~o,pl,a~o,

kupla, kuula, kuulo

=buble, blister, bump, fishsound;

Lapp/Saami

g,u~o,bl,ē,

goblo/koble

=lung;

.

*kuńśe

ATESTED

= [*kuńće also] urin (body)

Group

#,k,u,ń,ś,e,

U.A.S.D.

.

EmeGir/Sumer

k,a~u,š,(e~a),

kàš_

=urin

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,u~o,ś,e~i,

hugy_

=urin [from *kuńće ! cs~gy]

Vogul/Mansi

χ~h,u~o~ö,ńś~ńć,,

khuś-wüť

=urin (wüt=water)

Ostyak/Khanti

k,u~o~ö,ńś~ńć,,

kŏs-

=urin

Cherem/Mari

k,o~u,ź,e,

k@ž-am

=urin

Votyak/Udm

k,i~e,dž,,

kiž

=urin

Zuryen/Komi

k,i~e,dž,,

kud'ź

=urin

Mordvin

k,o,ž,o,

kež-βet

=urin

Finn/Suomi

k,u~o,s,e~ie,

kuse-

=urin

Estonian

k,u~o,s,e~i,

kusi-

=urin

Lapp/Saami

g,u~o,ń~n,čč~ss,e,

gužžâ

=urin

Samoyed

k~χ,ü~o,n,s,e,

küz, kuns@, k@nze,kunze

=urin (from *kuńće)

Turkic

k~g,u,ś,e,

kaś-an

=urin;

Tungusic

x,u,ďž,e,

kVd'žV

=urin

DRAVIDIC

k,u,ń,ś,e,

kus-(ki)

=to urinate/Kond; koccu =stench of urin;

.

*kuśe

ATESTED

= (or kuśe) meat , flesh > (body) (food)

Group

#,k,u,ś,e,

U.A.S.D.

.

EmeGir/Sumer

g>h,a~u,š,(e~a),

*huzu > _uzu

= flesh, cut of meat, omen,goat;_su = body,flesh,skin..;

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,u~o,ś~sz,e~i,

huś

=meat ;

Savard/Hungar

h~g,u~o,ś~s,e~i,

kiśjú

=flesh,meat;

ALTAIC

k,u,š,e,

káču

=covering, skin;

Turkic

k~g,u,š>s,e,

KAč-(g)ač

=covering, skin;

Mongolic

g,u,š>s,e,

kuči

=covering, skin;

Tungusic

x,u,ś,e,

kaču-

=covering, skin;

DRAVIDIC

k,u,ś,e,

_u_

=meat,flesh;

.

*kuηke

ATESTED

= adam's apple, throat; (body)

Group

#,k,u,η,k,e,

U.A.

.

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,u~o,g,e~i,

gége

=windpipe;

Ostyak/Khanti

k,u~o~ö,ηk>ηχ,,

kōη-li

=adam's apple;

Lapp/Saami

g,u~o,ηk~ηg~gg,e,

guog'g-om

=larynx;

Samoyed

k~χ,ü~o,η~k,e,

huηku

=windpipe/Ńeńec;

Tungusic

x,u,j,k,e,

gūng-kan

=adam's apple/Manchu;

.

*käte

ATESTED

=(käte) hand (body)

Group

#,k,ä,t,e,

U.S.D.

.

EmeGir/Sumer

ŋ>g,a~u,š,(e~a),

kiš-ib

=hand, wrist;kùš, a-kùš =forearm,cubit; haz-a =to hold;

Magyar/Hungar

k,e,z~s,e~i,

kéz

=hand; kesz-tyü = glove; kez-el=to handle;

Savard/Hungar

k,e,z~s,e~i,

kezi

=hand;

Vogul/Mansi

k(w),ä~e,t,i,

koåt ~ kåt, kä:t

=hand;

Ostyak/Khanti

k,ä~e,t,e,

ket, kot,

=hand;

Cherem/Mari

k,ä~e,δ~t,e,

kit

=hand;

Zuryen/Komi

k,e~i,_,,

ki_

=hand;

Mordvin

k,ä~e,d,o,

k'eď

=hand;

Finn/Suomi

k,ä,s,i,

käsi

=hand, kasivarsi=arm;

Estonian

k,ä,s,i,

käsi

=hand;

Lapp/Saami

g,ie~a,ht~tt,e,

giettâ

=hand;

Turkic

k~g,ä,nt>d,e,

( el

=hand/Turk)

DRAVIDIC

k,ä,t,e,

kai_

=hand;

KELTIC

c,ä,s,e,

cuis-le

=lower arm; chési=hand/??; (llaw=hand/Welsh ? öl=arm lenght/Hu)

.

*küĺwe

ATESTED

= (kaĺwe) thickening skin , scabb (body)

Group

#,k,ü,ĺ,w,e,

U.S.

.

EmeGir/Sumer

k,u~i,l~r,_,

kul_

=thick,heavy

Magyar/Hungar

k,ü~ö,j~l,v,

hály-og

=thickening of the cornea

Vogul/Mansi

k(w),u~o~a,ĺ~ť~>k',_,,

χaĺ-p

=dandruff; χaĺeB= "birkenrinde"

Votyak/Udm

k,i~e,l'~j,(v),,

kiĺ

= small fleck like bark on the upper part of pine trees.

Zuryen/Komi

k,i~e,l'~j,(v),,

kiĺ

.

Finn/Suomi

k,u,l,v,e~ie,

kalvo

= thick skin, eye cataract

Estonian

k,u,l,u,e~i,

kale

=eye cataract

.

*lampa

ATESTED

leg, walk, step (body)

Magyar/Hungar

l,a~e,b,a~e,

láb

=legg, lép =to step; lábfej=foot;

Savard/Hungar

l,a~o,b,a~o,

__ba-na?

=legg, shank ;

Samoyed

l,ā,m~β,p,e,

laampa

=leg/Selkup

.

*lolke

ATESTED

= limb (foot,hand, paw of a body) (body)

Group

#,l,o,l,k,e,

Ug.S.

.

EmeSal/Sumer

l,e,(l),_,

lill-an

=stalk (with ripe ear of grain)

Magyar/Hungar

l,o~a,l,e~i,

lollu > loll

=ham, roast ham (dialectical only)

Vogul/Mansi

l,a~o~u,l(γ),,

lel

=foot, lāγl =foot; < may be related to *luwe=bone/leg;

Ostyak/Khanti

l~t~λ,a~o~u,l(γ),,

lāγ@l

=paws

.

*luwe

ATESTED

= bone (body)

Group

#,l,u,w,e,

U.

.

Vogul/Mansi

l,a,i,

low,lu_

=bone

Ostyak/Khanti

l~t~λ,a,e,

lŏ-g

=bone

Votyak/Udm

ĺ,ū~ō,,

lu, ly

=bone

Zuryen/Komi

ĺ,ū~-ō,,

ly

=bone

Mordvin

l,o,v,o,

luw-aža

=bone

Finn/Suomi

l,uu~oo,e~ie,

luu

=bone

Estonian

l,uu~oo,e~i,

luu

=bone

Samoyed

l,ü~o,_,e,

lyy

=bone/Neńec; ly/Selkup; le/Kamas;

.

*läppe

ATESTED

= (läppe) spleen , milt (body)

Group

#,l,ä,p,p,e,

U.A.S.

.

EmeGir/Sumer

l,a,_,

lib-iš

=internal organ

Magyar/Hungar

l,e,p~b,e~i,

lép

=milt, spleen

Ostyak/Khanti

l~t~λ,ä~e,b,,

Λap@tne?

=

Cherem/Mari

l,ä~e,p,e,

lep@,lep

=

Votyak/Udm

ĺ,o~u,p,,

lup

=

Zuryen/Komi

ĺ,e~i,p~b,,

lop, slop

=

Lapp/Saami

l,ie~a,p'p,e,

tab'tē

=milt;

Samoyed

l,o~u,p~b,e,

rap-seä

=/Neńec

ALTAIC

l,ä,p,e,

*li_ap'V

=spleen/Altaic

Turkic

l~j,ä,b,e,

jap-al

=

Mongolic

n,ä,b,e,

niγalta

=

Tungusic

l,ä,p,e,

lip-če

=

.

*maksa

ATESTED

= liver (body)

Group

#,m,a,k,s,a,

U.A.

.

Magyar/Hungar

m,a~e,sz,a~e,

máj

=liver

Vogul/Mansi

m,a,γt,,

majt, mot

=liver

Ostyak/Khanti

m,a,γt,,

mūγet, mūγeΛ

=liver

Cherem/Mari

m,a~o~u,kš,,

mokš

=liver

Votyak/Udm

m,o~u,s,e,

mus

.

Zuryen/Komi

m,o~u,s,a,

mus

.

Mordvin

m,a,kś,a~o,

makso

.

Finn/Suomi

m,a,k,s,a~o,

maksa

.

Estonian

m,a,k,s,ē,

maks

.

Lapp/Saami

m,o>uo,k,s,ē,

mwökχsie

.

Samoyed

m,ā,t~d,e,

mudo, mit,muro

.

Turkic

m>b,a,k,s,a,

baγyr

=liver /Turkic , p@ver/Chuvash

NOTES

mest

=liver?/Egypt

.

*mar-

ATESTED

= nape of neck > shoulder , neck (body)

Group

#,m,a,r,-,

U.A.S.

.

EmeGir/Sumer

m,a~u,r,-,

murgu; mur7,8

=neck & shoulders

Magyar/Hungar

m,a~e,r,-,

marja; mar

=nape of neck, shoulder of animal;

Vogul/Mansi

m,a,r,-,

mār-eχ

=upper part of wing; markäγä= the wing;

Ostyak/Khanti

m,a,r,-,

mĕr-ek

=upper arm, wing;

Cherem/Mari

m,a~o~u,r,-,

mora?

.

Votyak/Udm

m,o~u,r,-,

mur-äs

=breast;

Zuryen/Komi

m,o~u,r,-,

mor-es

=breast;

Lapp/Saami

m,o>uo,r,-,

mairre

=shoulder area;

Samoyed

m,ā,r,-,

maŕś

=shoulder area /Yurak

ALTAIC

m,a,r,-,

*mi_ùjre

=shoulder;

Mongolic

m>b,a,r,-,

*mörü

=shoulder;

Tungusic

m>b,a,r,-,

müre-pen

=shoulder;

.

*merke

ATESTED

= closed palm , hold , keep (body) ; *more =hold back remain ;

Group

#,m,e,r,k,e,

U.S.E.D.

.

EmeGir/Sumer

m,a~u,r,_,

mar_

= enclose, lockup, keep, stay ; ma_ =to bind; mal=remain;

Magyar/Hungar

m,o,r,k,e~i,

mar-ok

=the closed palm; mar-ad=remain < hold,keep;

Vogul/Mansi

m,i,r,(γ~x),,

múr-@s

=

Samoyed

m,e~a~o,r,gg,e,

måri

=greedy/Kamas; maŕŕē=keepback,not give/Neńeć; mâra'áma/Tavgi;

Etruskan

m,e,r,_,i~u,

mur-, mur-ce

= to remain, delay, reside, rest; muri-na=hesitant[az96]; m

DRAVIDIC

#,m,e,r,k,e,

ama

=remain, abide, become tranquil;

.

*muńa

ATESTED

= (muna) egg , penis , testicle (body)

Group

#,m,u,ń,a,

U.S.D.

.

EmeGir/Sumer

m,a~u,ŋ>n,a,

nu-mun

=seed, multiply >> mu_ =to grow seed; mud=birth;

EmeSal/Sumer

n,e,ŋ>n,e,

mu_

=penis; nuz 2,3,4=egg

Magyar/Hungar

m,u~o,ny,a~e,

mony~mag (ny~gy>g)

=seed semen; mén=stud horse;

Savard/Hungar

m,u~o,n,a~o,

moni

=egg;

Vogul/Mansi

m,u~o~ö,ń>n,,

mån

=testicle; muŋi=egg;

Ostyak/Khanti

m,u~o~ö,ń>n,,

moñ

=male sexual organ,testicle;

Cherem/Mari

m,o~u,ń~n~j,,

munõ

=egg

Mordvin

m,o,ń,a~o,

mona

=testicle

Finn/Suomi

m,u~o,n,a~o,

moń

=male sexual organ, testicle;

Lapp/Saami

m,u~o,ń~n,ē,

mânne

=egg/man=penis

Samoyed

m,ü~o,n,e,

monne, mânne

=egg/Eńec; munuj=egg/Kamas; maane=penis/Selkup;

ALTAIC

m,u,ń,a,

*úmu_

=??to bear,give birth/Altaic

DRAVIDIC

#,m,u,ń,a,

mun-tai, motte, menju, muty

=egg; meca=testicle;

.

*muηk-er

ATESTED

= body > self , semen, seed (body)

Group

#,m,u,η,k,-,e,r,

U.A.S.D.

.

EmeGir/Sumer

m,a~u,ŋ~g,,

mug 2

=naked, pudenda, to be in heat; mu_ =grow seed; mu_-d=give birth;

Magyar/Hungar

m,u~o,g,-,o,r,

mag-

=semen, seed, grain, self (mag-am=myself,mag-ad=yourself);

Cherem/Mari

m,o~u,ηg~g,-,e~y~@,r,

moηg-er, mòγ@r

=body, life;

Votyak/Udm

m,i~e,(η)g,-,o~u~e,r,

mug-or

=body, form, outer body;

Zuryen/Komi

m,i~e,g~k,-,o~u~e,r,

myg-õr

=body, trunk; mig =life, under parts;

ALTAIC

m,u,k',-,e,r,

*meńo

=self,body;

Turkic

m>b,u,ng~nk~g,-,e,r,

*bu(n)

=self, body;

Mongolic

m>b,u,g,k,-,e,r,

*mön

=self, body;

Tungusic

m>b,u,j,k,-,e,r,

*mēn

= self, body;

DRAVIDIC

#,m,u,η,k,-,e,r,

mukir

=bud; mak- =child, meca=testicle/Kuwi, mesa/Kui;medu=body,womb,menju=egg;

KELTIC

m,u,g,-,e,r,

mac

=son;

.

*mälke

ATESTED

= breast (body)

Group

#,m,ä,l,k,e,

U.S.E.D.

.

EmeGir/Sumer

m,a,(l),_,

méli

=throat area; mur=lung (l>r);

Magyar/Hungar

m,e,l,e~i,

mell

=breast, chest; mel-et=next to, besides; mel-ény=vest;

Vogul/Mansi

m,ä~e,l(γ),,

mail,magl

=breast

Ostyak/Khanti

m,ä~e,l(γ),,

meg-at

=breast

Cherem/Mari

m,ä~e,l(γ),e,

mel

=breast

Votyak/Udm

m,o~u,l,,

myl,myl-az

=the front side of the breast;

Mordvin

m,ä~e,lg~ld,o,

mälhka

=breast;

Finn/Suomi

m,ä,l,k,e~ie,

mälvi

=birds breast; mälvi=breast meat/Karelian;

Estonian

m,ä,l,k,e~i,

mälv

=birds breast

Lapp/Saami

m,ie~a,lg,e,

mielgâ

=breast;

Etruskan

m,a~e,l(ac),i~u,

m_l

=breast,chest, m_li-θuns =vestcoat; meta=beside, next to;

DRAVIDIC

#,m,ä,l,k,e,

melkha, mel

=breasts; mul-lai =breasts of a woman;

KELTIC

m,ä,l,e,

maell-ann

=chest protector/Irish; meal=sphere,small hill/Ir

.

*müηä

ATESTED

= behind , rear , sexual areas (body)

Group

#,m,ü,η,ä,

U.S.D.

.

EmeGir/Sumer

m,u~i,(g),

mug 2

=naked, pudenda, to be in heat;

Magyar/Hungar

m,ü~ö,g~v,e,

mög

=behind, rear; mög-öt=behind;

Vogul/Mansi

m,u~o~a,η(k),,

män-ta, män-tel

=undressed; mäńtl=along,during ?

Cherem/Mari

m,u~o,(η~j),,

m@nη@, mõηge-š,

=back, after, retro;

Votyak/Udm

m,i~e,m~n,,

mi_-ś-ti

.

Zuryen/Komi

m,i~e,m~n,,

mi_-ś-t

=after a short time;

Mordvin

m,e,η~j~v,e,

menge~mej-le

=later on, after, then; mekej, meki=behind;

Finn/Suomi

m,üü,_,

myö-tä

=along with, downhill; myös-ta=comply,yield,retract;

Lapp/Saami

m,o,η~k,

mâηηi-

=back,rear; mâη-as=backward, onward; müöstü-=back out,move;

DRAVIDIC

#,m,ü,k,

molky

=the back;

.

*nakka

ATESTED

= leather (body)

Group

#,n,a,k,k,a,

U.S.

.

EmeGir/Sumer

n~ŋ,a~u,g~h,_,

nag

=thing, material

Magyar/Hungar

n,a~e,k,a~e,

a-nyag

=thing, material, cloth, matter

Finn/Suomi

n,a,kk~k,a~o,

nahka

=leather

Livonian

n,a,k,a,

nooga

=leather

Estonian

n,a,kk~k,ē,

nahk

=leather

.

*nume

ATESTED

= seed , inseminate (v) (body)

Group

#,n,u,m,e,

Hu.S.

.

EmeGir/Sumer

n~!