SOUND DERIV

WORDS ATTESTED

DEFINITIONS

*wala

ATESTED

a fish {?Altaic} (animal)

Group

#,w,a,l,a,

A

.

EmeGir/Sumer

b,a~u,l,a,

abala'e

=a fish (type)

Magyar/Hungar

v,a~ö,l,a~e,

bál-na

=whale; < loan word?

ALTAIC

p,a,l,a,

bal-ik

=fish;

Turkic

b,a,l,a,

bal-ik

=fish;

.

*empe

ATESTED

= hound > dog (animal)

Magyar/Hungar

e,b,e~i,

eb_

=hound, dog

Vogul/Mansi

ä,mp,,

amp

=dog

Ostyak/Khanti

ä,mp,,

ämp

=dog

.

*eneh

ATESTED

heiffer, cow (animal)

Group

#,e,n,e,h,

Hu.A.

.

Magyar/Hungar

e,n,e~i,h,

eneh, ünö

=heiffer;

ALTAIC

e,n,e,h,

iunu

=cow;

Turkic

e,n,e,h,

ingek

=cow;

Mongolic

e,n,e,h,

ünig-en

=cow;

.

*eśe-

ATESTED

= female, heifer (animal)

EmeGir/Sumer

u,š,e~i,-,

us 5

=mother ewe; ùz=female goat; us-ar=secondary wife; ga-san=queen ;

Magyar/Hungar

e,sz~z,e~i,-,

üsz-ö

=heifer; asz-ony=lady of house,// lady; queen (archaic);

Savard/Hungar

e,s,e~i,-,

as-uni

=lady;

Vogul/Mansi

ä~a,ć~s,i,-,

as,@s

=mother,wife (this proves that Hu aszony is not Ossetic)

Turkic

a~o,š>s,e,-,

asi-na

=female royal wolf, totem of Turks;

Tungusic

a~o,ś,e,-,

asi-nga

=woman,girl/Tungus;

.

*karε

ATESTED

= woodpecker (bird) < onomotopeic word. (bird) (animal)

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,a~e,r,ε,

har-kály

=woodpecker (ka=birdname ending)

Vogul/Mansi

χ~h,o~u,r,,

χår-χēj

= spotted woodpecker

Ostyak/Khanti

k,o~u,r,,

χă-χrài

= black woodpecker; χoηra=woodpecker;

.

*kaðwe

ATESTED

= bride 2, beloved , lady , ermine (family) (animal)

Group

#,k,a,ð,w,e,

U.A.S.

.

EmeGir/Sumer

g>h,a~u,d,_,

gili,gi-lim?

=bride crown; ??(ge 2,6=girl +lum =to be fruitful)

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,a~e,j~gy,v,

hölgy

=lady, damsel, ermine female (gy>lgy);?ked-v=good spirits, in the mood;

Vogul/Mansi

χ~h,a,ĺ,_,,

χaĺ

=wife,female animal;

Ostyak/Khanti

k,a,l~j,_,,

köj-eŋ

=female;köj-@h =female of (sable,fox,ermine,marten,wolverine)

Lapp/Saami

g,o>uo,δδ,v,e,

gaďfe

=ermine female;

Turkic

k~g,a,ð,_,e,

gelin

=bride/Turk; xala=aunt/Azeri; hala/Turkish

.

*kewe

ATESTED

= [or *kewe] female animal [ m~w] (animal) (family)

Group

#,k,e,w,e,

U.A.S.

.

EmeGir/Sumer

k,a~u,_,

gi4-īn, geme ~ ŋéme

=slave? girl;

Magyar/Hungar

k,e~i,v,

gím

=female deer; gebe=old workhorse;

Lapp/Saami

g,æ~ie~i,v,e,

kieuva

=female raindeer;

Samoyed

s~k,e~a~o,_,e,

keibe

=mare (female horse)

Etruskan

c~k,e,u,i~u,

? > caba-lo

=mare, workhorse /Latin; (see luwe >lo=horse)

ALTAIC

k,e,b,e,

gibe

=mare/Altaic;

Turkic

k~g,e,b,e,

Kebel

=/Turkic;

Mongolic

k,e,w,e,

geγün

=/Mongolic;

Tungusic

h,e,b,e,

gibu

=/Tungusic;

.

*kećä

ATESTED

=fish type (animal)

Magyar/Hungar

k,e~ö,ś>sz,e,

kesz-eg

= a type of whitefish; bream;

Vogul/Mansi

k(w),i,š~č,,

kasu

= red finned whitefish, roach;

Ostyak/Khanti

k,e,š~č,,

kŏsε, kusε

=small young fish, "barbe" "Leuciscus rutilus"

Zuryen/Komi

k,e~i,ć~ś~č,,

giťś

=Cyprinus carassius, Crucian Carp;

Finn/Suomi

k,e~ie,s~ts,ä,

keso

= type of small fish; "cyprinus"

Lapp/Saami

g,æ~ie~i,čč~šš,ē,

koeč-uk

.

.

*kije

ATESTED

= snake < ?twisted , coiled , bent (animal)

Magyar/Hungar

k,i~e,j~gy,

kij-ó ~ kigyó ~ kinyó

=snake (Middle Ages,dialectical variations)

Savard/Hungar

k,i~e,l~dz,

kila

=snake (l~gy also exists in Hungarian)

Cherem/Mari

k,i,j,e,

ki-ške

=snake;

Votyak/Udm

k,i,j~i,

kyj_

=snake;

Mordvin

k,i~e,j,o,

kuj, guj, kij-ov

=snake;

Finn/Suomi

k,ii,_,

kyy

=snake, adder;

Estonian

k,ii,_,

küü-uss

=snake;

Samoyed

s~k,i,j,e,

syy

=snake/Selkup;

ALTAIC

k,i,j,e,

kulV

=snake,worm/Altaic;

Turkic

k~g,i,j,e,

kalDa

=lizard/ChuvashTurk; koĺla/Nanay;

.

*korε

ATESTED

=a type of small_ fish (animal)

EmeGir/Sumer

g>h,u~a,r,i~e,

gir

=fish (type?)

Zuryen/Komi

k,o~a,r,,

guri-na

=groundling, gudgeon "Cyprinus gobio"

Finn/Suomi

k,a~o,r,ε,

kuore

=smelt

Lapp/Saami

g,œ,rr,ε,

guora

=small whitefish;

Samoyed

k~χ,u~o,r,ε,

koor

= "muksun", Siberian whitefish/Selkup;

.

*kotteη

ATESTED

= swan (bird) [Ugor][Altaic] (animal) (birds)

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,a~é,t,e~i,(v),

hattyú_

=swan; (?mad-ár=bird)

Vogul/Mansi

χ~h,a~o~u,t,i,η,

kotàη, xotaη

=swan

Ostyak/Khanti

k,a~o~u,t,e,η,

kŏt@η

=swan

Etruskan

h,e~i,t,e,χ,

_tusna?

= swan;

Turkic

k~g,o,t>d,e,η,

*qotaŋ

=stork, pelican

Mongolic

g,o,t>d,e,g,

xutan

=pelican/Mongol;_

.

*kunte

ATESTED

= beaver (animal) [possibly Altaic origin] (animal)

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,u~o,d,e~i,

hód

=beaver

Vogul/Mansi

χ~h,u~o~ö,nt,,

χunt-el

=beaver

ALTAIC

k,u,nd>d,e,

?kund-uz,kumdus

=beaver/Altaic (also Penuit indian)

.

*kuńśe

ATESTED

=( kuńće) ant (animal)

EmeGir/Sumer

k,a~u,š,(e~a),

kiši 7,8,9 , kiš-ib

=ant [ńś >š occured early, thus rule kXN doest hold)

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,u~o,ś,e~i,

hanga > hangya (ny>ngy)

=ant bug

Vogul/Mansi

χ~h,u~o~ö,ńś~ńć,,

xońś, kōs@j

=ant

Votyak/Udm

k,i~e,dž,,

koź-ili

=ant

Zuryen/Komi

k,i~e,dž,,

koDź-ul

=ant

Finn/Suomi

k,u~o,s,e~ie,

kusi-lainen, kusi-ainen

.

Estonian

k,u~o,s,e~i,

kusi-line, kusi-kas

.

.

*kuδe

ATESTED

= cattle (animal)

EmeGir/Sumer

g>h,a~u,d,(e~a),

gud > gu_ 4

=cattle; gil-im, kil-im=herd of wild animals;

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,u~o,l,e~i,

gulya

=cattle;

.

*kütta

ATESTED

= dog (animal)

EmeGir/Sumer

k,u~i,d~t,a,

kudda?

=to bite > biter?

Magyar/Hungar

k,ü~ö,t,a~e,

kutya

=dog

Savard/Hungar

k,ü~ö,t,a~o,

kutha

=dog

Vogul/Mansi

k(w),u~o~a,t,,

kuť-uw

=dog;

Votyak/Udm

k,i~e,ť~t,e,

kuti

=dog

Zuryen/Komi

k,i~e,ť~t,a,

kuti

=dog

Mordvin

k,u~o,t,a~o,

kut-ka

=small dog,cub;

Livonian

k,ü,t,t,a,

kuť-ś

.

Estonian

k,u,ťt~ht,ē,

kut-s

=dog

.

*küšü

ATESTED

=(?) a rodent (animal) < ALTAIC (animal)

EmeGir/Sumer

k,u~i,z~s,u~i,

kiš-ib, kiši 5,10

=mouse

Magyar/Hungar

k,ü~ö,z,ü~ö,

güzü

= a kind of rodent, "Mus spicilegus"

Turkic

k~g,ü,š,ü,

küse

=rat/Tatar; küske=mouse,rat/Khakass; kiske/Tuvan;

.

*kāla

ATESTED

= fish (animal)

EmeGir/Sumer

k,u,_,a,

ku_a ~ ha

=fish;

Magyar/Hungar

h~g,ā,l,a~e,

hal_

=fish

Savard/Hungar

h~g,ā,l,a~o,

kala

=fish

Vogul/Mansi

χ~h,ā,l~Λ~t,,

xūl

=fish

Ostyak/Khanti

k,u,l~Λ~t,,

χut,kuλ

=fish

Cherem/Mari

k,ā~ō,l,,

kol

=fish

Votyak/Udm

k,ā,l,e,

kol

=fish

Mordvin

k,ā,l,a~o,

kal

=fish;

Finn/Suomi

k,a,l,a~o,

kala

=fish

Estonian

k,ā,ll,ē,

kala

=fish

Lapp/Saami

g,ā,ll,ē,

guöllé

=fish;

Samoyed

k~χ,ū,l,e,

χāĺĺe

=/Yur; kare/Yen; kole/Tvg; kuel/Selkup;

Mongolic

g,ā,l,a,

kul-

=salmon/Mongolic; xal-im=whale/Khalka;

Tungusic

x,ā,l,a,

_ollo

=/Tungus;

NOTES

khu

=fish/Egypt;

.

*leppe

ATESTED

= butterfly < soar / fly (animal) + ke =flying thing; (bird)

EmeGir/Sumer

l,a~u,_,

la_-ŋa

=butterfly; ku>hu/ŋu =birds/flying things;

Magyar/Hungar

l,e~i,p~b,e~i,

lep-ke

=butterfly (lep- ~ rep )

Vogul/Mansi

l,i,p,,

lep-ax/lip-enti

.

Ostyak/Khanti

l~t~λ,e,b,,

l@B@-nDai, lĭpenta, làbàdi, līpentai

.

Cherem/Mari

l,e~y~@,p,e,

lepè-ń@

.

Finn/Suomi

l,e~ie,pp~p,e~ie,

liippu-kka, liippo

.

Estonian

l,e~i,b,e~i,

libli-kas

.

Lapp/Saami

l,æ~ie~i,p'p,e,

lab-lok, libeluk

.

Samoyed

l,e~a~o,p~b,e,

leb-eru/Yurak;

.

.

*leńće

ATESTED

= the fly (animal)

Magyar/Hungar

l,e~ö,gy,e~i,

légy

=a fly, gadfly;

Votyak/Udm

ĺ,o~u~e,ź,,

leďź,luž

=fly, gadfly;

Zuryen/Komi

ĺ,o~u~e,ź,,

lõź

=gadfly;

.

*lüke-

ATESTED

salmon (pre IndoEuropean, Basque izokin, Celt esak, gr lax) (animal)

Magyar/Hungar

l,ü~ö,v~z,e~i,-,

laz-ak

=salmon (-ak is a formative suffix)

Finn/Suomi

l,u,k,e~ie,-,

lohi > lahi

=salmon

Estonian

l,u,k,e~i,-,

lõhi

=salmon

NOTES

also in Basque and some IE languages.

.

.

*lūwe

ATESTED

= horse (animal) [Ugrian]

Magyar/Hungar

l,u,e~i,

lov,ló

=horse; lov-as =horseman; lov-ag =knight; lófö = leader,chief;

Savard/Hungar

l,u,e~i,

lū

=horse

Vogul/Mansi

l,a,i,

lu

=horse

Ostyak/Khanti

l~t~λ,a,e,

tau

=horse

Etruskan

l,ū,u,i~u,

lu-aś, lu-pu

=horseman, knight-noble fighter; ?lu-cair=to rule men;

Turkic

l~j,ū,b,e,

lasa

= "pack" horse

KELTIC

l,ū,(m),e,

láeach

=horse soldier/Old Irish; láir=mare/Irish*; loth=horse/Irish??;

.

*mar-kke

ATESTED

calf, beef, cattle; {origin unknown} (animal)

EmeGir/Sumer

m,a~u,r,-,g~h,_,

a-mar

=calf, youngster, descendant [-ku =herd, or plural of animals]

Magyar/Hungar

m,a~e,r,-,k,e~i,

mar-ha

=calf, beef, cattle; marha=idiot, stupid;

ALTAIC

m,a,r,-,k',e,

mar-al

=doe; [r~l] mal-ak=calf; marha=stupid,crazy /Panonian Scythian;

DRAVIDIC

#,m,a,r,-,k,k,e,

mar

=deerlike, senseless animal; mar-ul=moron, stupid act;

.

*mekše

ATESTED

= bee (animal)

EmeGir/Sumer

m,e~i,š,(e~a),

muš

=biting insect

Magyar/Hungar

m,e~i,h,e~i,

méh_

=bee

Cherem/Mari

m,e~y~@,kš,e,

mukš

=bee

Votyak/Udm

m,o~u~e,š,,

mu_š

=bee

Zuryen/Komi

m,o~u~e,š,,

mo_š

=bee

Mordvin

m,e~i,kš>š,o,

m'ekš

=bee

Finn/Suomi

m,e~ie,h,e~ie,

mehi-läinen

=bee

Estonian

m,e~i,h,e~i,

mehi-läine

=bee

.

*neme

ATESTED

= mosquito , midge (animal)

EmeGir/Sumer

n~ŋ,e~i,m~n,(e~a),

nim

=flying insect

Magyar/Hungar

n,e~i,m~v,e~i,

nyüv

=fly maggot

Vogul/Mansi

n~ń,i,m,i,

nom-yr

=midge,worm

Votyak/Udm

n,e~i,m~v,,

nom-õr

.

Lapp/Saami

n,æ~ie~i,m~mb,e,

nam-ek

.

Samoyed

n,e~a~o,m~β,e,

niib-eru

=midge

.

*numel

ATESTED

= rabbit (animal)

Magyar/Hungar

n,u~o,m~v,e~i,l,

nyuwel> nyúl

=rabbit

Votyak/Udm

n,i~e,m~v,o~u~e,l,

ńimal

=rabbit

Mordvin

#,n,o,m,e~i,l,

numel

=rabbit

Lapp/Saami

n,u~o,m~mb,æ~ie~i,l,

njoammel

=rabbit

KELTIC

#,n,u,m,e,l~r,

_miol

=rabbit/??

.

*peni

ATESTED

= dog (wild??) (animal)

Magyar/Hungar

b>f,e~i,n,,

fene

=wild beast

Cherem/Mari

p,e~y~@,(n),,

pii, pińèγ@

.

Votyak/Udm

p~b,e~i,n,,

puni

=dog

Zuryen/Komi

p~b,e~i,n,,

pon

=dog ??

Mordvin

p,e~i,n,i~e,

p'ińe

=dog

Finn/Suomi

p,e~ie,n,i~y,

peni

=dog

Estonian

p,e~i,n,i~y,

peni

=dog

Lapp/Saami

b,æ~ie~i,ń~n,i,

boena

=dog

Turkic

(b),e,n,i,

fene

=evil/Uigur

.

*perkke

ATESTED

= worm , insect (animal)

EmeGir/Sumer

p~b,a~u,r,_,_,

buru_ 4,5

=locust, grasshopper; bir 6,7=rip to pieces;

EmeSal/Sumer

p~b,e,r,_,_,

bir 4

=locust;

Magyar/Hungar

b>f,o,r,k,e~i,

férg

=insect

Vogul/Mansi

p,i,r,k,,

perk

=worm;

Zuryen/Komi

p~b,o~u~e,r,k,,

perk

=type of worm

ALTAIC

b,e,r,k',e,

p`áru

=kind of worm/Altaic;

Turkic

(b),e,r,g~k,e,

bir@

=flea/Azeri; pire=flea/Turk;

.

*poru

ATESTED

= young animal (animal)

EmeGir/Sumer

p~b,u~a,r,u,

buru

=small animal;

Magyar/Hungar

b,o~a,r,u~o,

bor-ju

=calve; bir-ka=sheep; bár-ány=young sheep, ewe;

Finn/Suomi

p,a~o,r,_,

poro

=raindeer; ?

Turkic

(b),o,r,u,

păru

=/Chuvash; [r>z] buzag=/Turkic;

Mongolic

(b~h),o,r,u,

biraγu

=/Mongol;

KELTIC

b>f,o,r,u,

bearach

=heiffer/Irish*

.

*ropa

ATESTED

= fox , wily (animal)

EmeGir/Sumer

r,u,m,a,

?u-ru_

=dog

Magyar/Hungar

r,a~é,v,a~e,

rav-asz

=fox, wily; *rav-ka > ró_-ka =fox;

Savard/Hungar

r,o,v,a~o,

_vüla?

=fox

Cherem/Mari

r,a~o~u,p,,

reβež

=fox

Votyak/Udm

r,o~a,p,e,

ru-ťś

=fox

Mordvin

r,o~u,p,a~o,

ŕiv'eś

=fox

Finn/Suomi

r,a~o,p,a~o,

repo

=fox

Lapp/Saami

r,œ,p,ē,

ri`ep`ie

=fox

.

*säpε

ATESTED

= squirrel (animal)

Magyar/Hungar

_,e,v,ε,

_eve-t

=squirrel

Ostyak/Khanti

t~l,ä~e,p,,

_īme-t

="flughörnen" ?? (not regular)

Samoyed

t,o~u,p,ε,

täpä-k, täpä-ŋ /Selkup

.

.

*teẃe

ATESTED

= moose < ?? > camel (animal)

EmeGir/Sumer

t~d,a~u,b,(e~a),

dib-id

=camel;

Magyar/Hungar

t,e~i,v,e~i,

teve

= camel;

Savard/Hungar

t,e~i,v,e~i,

tüve

=camel;

Finn/Suomi

t,e~ie,v,e~ie,

teva-nna

=moose cow; tevanki=bull moose;

Samoyed

t,e,b,e,

tïa

=reindeer/Eńec; to/Kamas; tyy=tame reindeer/Ńeńec; dejba/Ŋaŋasan

Etruskan

t~θ,e,ẃ,i~u,

thev-ru > theuru

=bull

ALTAIC

t,e,ẃ,e,

tĭb-ŋe

=camel/Altaic;

Turkic

t>d,e,ẃ,e,

debe

=/Turkic; deve=Turkish;

Mongolic

d,e,ẃ,e,

temegen

=camel /Mongol;

.

*täje

ATESTED

= louse < sting, pierce (animal)

EmeGir/Sumer

t,a,l,(e~a),

dih 2

=?to sting, point;

Magyar/Hungar

t,e,j~gy,

te-tü

=louse, tü =to prick;needle;

Vogul/Mansi

t,ä~e,j~i,

taχ-em

=louse;

Ostyak/Khanti

t,ä~e,j~i,

tög-t@m, teu-t@m

=louse; ?tus = identification mark < tatoo

Cherem/Mari

t,ä~e,j,e,

tij, ti

= louse

Votyak/Udm

t~d,o~u,j~i,

toi, tyj

=louse

Zuryen/Komi

t,e~i,j~i,

toj,tüj

=louse

Finn/Suomi

t,ää,_,

täi

=louse

Lapp/Saami

d~t,ie~a,ggj~kk,e,

dikke,tihke

=louse

ALTAIC

t,ä,j,e,

tikte

=/ Tungusic (tick?);

.

*use

ATESTED

=sheep; śeja =goat , sheep > deer (animal)

EmeGir/Sumer

u,š~z,(e~a),

us_ 5

=mother ewe; udu > u_=sheep;_zeh = goat kid; uz=goat;

EmeSal/Sumer

e,š~z,(e~a),

e.zé

=sheep; _su 8-ba=shepherd > _súb,súg,su 8=travel(as a herd)

Magyar/Hungar

u,sz~z,e~i,

öz_

= deer < sheep(horned animal);_csa-ba=shepherd(arch);

Savard/Hungar

u,s~z,e~i,

?hovi ?

=sheep;

Vogul/Mansi

o~u,š,i,

oš_

=sheep;

Ostyak/Khanti

(w)u~a,t~l,e,

ać_

=sheep;

Zuryen/Komi

i~e,z,,

už_

=sheep;

Mordvin

u~o,z,o,

uča

=sheep; seja =goat;

Finn/Suomi

u,s,i,

?utu

=sheep;

Etruskan

u,s,i~u,

_su-th

=sheep;[az96] {first syllable metathesis us>su]

ALTAIC

#,u,s,e,

chāga

=he goat; chāgā=she goat; chob-an=shepherd;

KELTIC

#,u,s,e,

os

=deer/Scottish;

.

*ćiηćε-kε

ATESTED

=a small_ bird (animal)

Magyar/Hungar

s~cs,i~e,g~v,ś>sz,ε,-,k,ε,

cinege ?

=small songbird

Vogul/Mansi

š~tš~č,i~ü,η(k),š~č,ε,-,(γ~x),,

ćäηćī, śäηś

=type of small bird

Ostyak/Khanti

š~tš~č,o,η(k)~γ,š~č,ε,-,(γ~x),,

śiśki

=a small songbird type

Samoyed

s,i,n,č~s,ε,-,gg,ε,

šyndjá-ka, syndje-ka, śynśé-ka

=a type of small bird

.

*ćokε-ma

ATESTED

= temporary shelter, animal burrow (home)

Magyar/Hungar

s~cs,a~é,(j),ε,-m~v,_,

so?-Vm

=

Ostyak/Khanti

š~tš~č,a~o~u,(γ~x),ε,-m,_,

so@-?m

=snow hut, winter lodging for deer

Votyak/Udm

č~ts,o~a,_,ε,-m~v,_,

čum

=

Zuryen/Komi

č~ts,o~a,_,ε,-m~v,_,

ćom

=children's playhouse;

Finn/Suomi

s,a~o,k,ε,-m,a~o,

suimu

=< Komi loan

.

*ćonča

ATESTED

flea (animal)

Vogul/Mansi

š~tš~č,a~o~u,n~ń,č~š~s,,

šoš, šonš, šuš, sus

=flea;

Ostyak/Khanti

š~tš~č,a~o~u,n~ń,č,,

čunč, čünč, sus

=flea

Cherem/Mari

č~ś,a~o~u,(n),č~z,,

šuršo

=flea;

Mordvin

ć,o~u,n,s,a~o,

čičav, čučav, šičav

=flea

Finn/Suomi

s,a~o,n,s,a~o,

sonsar, sonsari

=flea

.

*ćońε

ATESTED

=any sort of male animal (bull,stalion,etc) (animal)

EmeGir/Sumer

š>s,u,ŋ>n,i~e,

sún

=aurochs cow

Votyak/Udm

č~ts,o~a,ń,,

čuńi

=male animal;

Zuryen/Komi

č~ts,o~a,ń>n,,

ćań

=colt,foal ?

Finn/Suomi

s,a~o,n,ε,

sonni

=bull;

Estonian

s,a~o,n,ε,

sõnn

=bull, ram;

.

*ćure

ATESTED

= herd, to multiply (animal)

EmeGir/Sumer

š>s,a~u,r,_,

šár

=to be many, totality

Magyar/Hungar

s~cs,u~o,r,e~i,

csor-da

=cattle herd; ser-eg=army, multitude, szor-oz=multiply;

Vogul/Mansi

š~tš~č,u~o~ö,r,i,

śaar-äk

=pasture-ground of reindeer;

Ostyak/Khanti

š~tš~č,u~o~ö,r,e,

sur

=herd of reindeer or moose, horses, cows;

Lapp/Saami

č,u~o,rr,e,

čorâ

=herd of reindeer;

Turkic

č>s,u,r,e,

sar-ig

=army/Turk; çarp- =multiply/Turk;

.

*ńokśe

ATESTED

(?) sable (animal)

Magyar/Hungar

ny,a~é,sz,e~i,

nyuszt

=sable

Vogul/Mansi

ń~n,a~o~u,(γ~x),ć~s,,

ńoxs

=sable

.

*ńukśe

ATESTED

= marten (animal)

Magyar/Hungar

ny,u~o,sz,e~i,

nyusz-t

= marten; nyuszi=bunny?;

Vogul/Mansi

ń~n,u~o~ö,(γ~x),ć~s,,

ńoks

=sabel

Ostyak/Khanti

ń~n,u~o~ö,γs,,

ńoγ@s

=marten

Votyak/Udm

ń,i~e,ź,,

ńiź, ńaź

=marten

Zuryen/Komi

ń>n,i~e,ź,,

ńiź

=marten

Finn/Suomi

n,u~o,s,e~ie,

nois

=marten(in place names)

Estonian

ń,u~o,gs,e~i,

nugis

=marten

Samoyed

ń,ü~o,h,e,

noha

=Siberian marten;

.

*ńīηε

ATESTED

= (ńiηε) fly maggot , worm > fly(*neme?) (animal)

EmeGir/Sumer

ŋ~n,ī,ŋ,

*ŋaŋ- > ŋa_-r

=earthworm;

EmeSal/Sumer

n~m~š,ī,ŋ,

nim-

=a fly; num-un 3=insect, bug, caterpillar;

Magyar/Hungar

ny,ī,g~v,ε,

*nyiv>nyüv>nyü_

=fly maggot/worm

Vogul/Mansi

ń~n,ī,η(k),,

_íηk

=worm;

Ostyak/Khanti

ń~n,ī,ηk~ηχ,,

ńiηk

=worm,larva;

Lapp/Saami

ń~n,ī,η~k,

njiw-dn-jâ

=small nits, eggs of lice;

Samoyed

ń,ī,n,

ńeńe, ńiń, ńéju

=worm/Selkup

ALTAIC

ń~η,ī,η,ε,

*ηeji

=louse,nit;

Mongolic

ŋ>n,ī,g,ε,

*ηi-sa/Mongolic;

.

Tungusic

ŋ>n,ī,j,ε,

*nej(l)e-

=;

.

*śaj8rε

ATESTED

= nit (animal)

Magyar/Hungar

sz,a~e,j,8,r,ε,

ser-ke

=nit (-ke=all flying or jumping things)

Cherem/Mari

š~s,a~o~u,(j),8,r,,

šar-gen@

=nit

Zuryen/Komi

ś~š,e~y,j,8,r,,

śer-õl

=nit

Mordvin

š~ś,a,j,8,r,ε,

śar-ko

=nit

Finn/Suomi

s,a,j~i,8,r,ε,

saivar

=nit

Lapp/Saami

č,o>uo,j,8,r,ε,

čiwros

=nit

Turkic

š>s,a,j,8,r,ε,

šõrka

=/Chuvash; širka/Osman; serkä/Tartar;

Mongolic

š>s,a,j,8,r,ε,

sirke

=red louse/CMongol;

.

*śaka

ATESTED

= pig , pork (animal)

EmeGir/Sumer

š>s,a~u,_,a,

šah

= domestic pig; sigga =wild mountain pig;

Magyar/Hungar

sz,a~e,(j),a~e,

süldö

=piglet; coca =pig, word for calling a pig; sonka =ham;

Finn/Suomi

s,a,k,a~o,

sika

=pig

.

*śije-le

ATESTED

= porcupine (animal)

EmeGir/Sumer

š>s,i~e,l,e~i,-,l,(a),

šáh(2)-zé-(da-bar-sur-ra)

=porcupine; šah =pig;

Magyar/Hungar

sz,i~e,j,e~i,-,l,e~i,

siul >szögy ~ sün

=porcupine (l~n alteration)

Vogul/Mansi

s~t,i~ü,j~i,-,l~Λ~t,i,

soule

=porcupine

Cherem/Mari

š~s,i,j,e,-,l,e,

šül@

=porcupine

Mordvin

š~ś,i~e,j,e,-,l,o,

s'ej-el

=porcupine

Finn/Suomi

s,ii,_,-,l,e~ie,

sii-l

=porcupine

Estonian

s,ii,_,-,l,e~i,

sii-l

=porcupine

.

*śorwa

ATESTED

= horn, horned animal > stagg (animal)

EmeGir/Sumer

š>s,u~a,r,a,

aš-ur 4

=type of sheep; si_ =horn,

Magyar/Hungar

sz,o~a,r,v,

szarv, szaru

=horn,antler; szur=stabb; szarvas=stagg

Savard/Hungar

s,o,r,v,

soru

=horned, stagg or horned cattle;

Vogul/Mansi

s~t,a~o~u,r,_,,

soorp, šoor@p

=male moose;

Ostyak/Khanti

s~t,a~o~u,r,_,,

ť@rBε

=male moose;

Cherem/Mari

š~s,a~o~u,r,_,,

šur

=horn

Votyak/Udm

ś~š,o~a,r,(v),e,

śur

=horn

Zuryen/Komi

ś~š,o~a,r,(v),a,

śur

=horn

Mordvin

š~ś,o~u,r,_,a~o,

śuro,śură

=horn

Finn/Suomi

s,a~o,r,v,o,

sarvi

=horn, sarves=stagg

Livonian

s,o,r,w,o,

sōra

=horn;

Estonian

s,a~o,r,u,o,

sarv

=horn;

Lapp/Saami

č,œ,r,v,o,

čoarve

=antler,horn

Etruskan

s~z,e~i,r,_,a,

??

= > cervus =stagg /Latin;

Mongolic

č,o,r,_,a,

sor

=elk's horns/C Mongol; < loan?

.

*śuke

ATESTED

= termite , wood worm (animal)

EmeGir/Sumer

š>s,a~u,_,(e~a),

u-šu_ + geš

=insect + wood "wood insect"

Magyar/Hungar

sz,u~o,v,e~i,

szúv-at, szú_

=termite

Vogul/Mansi

s~t,u~o~ö,(γ~x),i,

såu, sou

=tree worm

Ostyak/Khanti

s~t,u~o~ö,(γ~x),e,

săγ,sau

=wood worm

Cherem/Mari

š~s,o~u,(j),e,

šeγ@

=termite

Votyak/Udm

ś~š,i~e,_,,

pi-ćei

=termite (pu>pi=wood)

Zuryen/Komi

ś~š,i~e,_,,

ťśe_i

=termite (tś~š)

.

*šiηere

ATESTED

= mouse , rat (animal)

EmeGir/Sumer

_,i~e,g,a~u,r,_,

_egir

=rat

Magyar/Hungar

_,i~e,g~v,o,r,e~i,

_egér

=mouse

Vogul/Mansi

t,i~ü,η(k),i,r,i,

täηkär

=mouse (south); löηk@r=mouse/Vah

Ostyak/Khanti

t~l,o,ηk~ηχ,e,r,e,

jöŋker

=mouse

Votyak/Udm

š,i,m~n,o~u~e,r,,

ši_r

=mouse;

Zuryen/Komi

š,e,m~n,o~u~e,r,,

šy_r

=mouse;

Mordvin

š~č,i~e,η~j~v,e~i,r,o,

čejeŕ

=mouse;

Finn/Suomi

h,ii,(v),e~ie,r,e~ie,

hiire

=mouse;

Estonian

h,ii,(u),r,e~i,

hiir_

=mouse;

Lapp/Saami

s~š,i~ie,η~k,rr,e,

šnijerra

=/Lule Lapp

Turkic

_,i,k~η,e,r,e,

sakir-kan

=type of mouse/Middle Turkic;

Tungusic

s,i,j,e,r,e,

*siŋere

=mouse/Tungusic;

.