I, K, L words
updated on October 21, 2006
based on John Halorens "Sumerian Lexicon"
modified in red by Fred Hamori, Sumerian & FU List
Hungarian formatives are shown bracketed
( formative ) . These are absolutely necessary in Hungarian to differentiate
the very considerable number of homonym root words, yet in Sumerian they are
rarely shown. Perhaps at times this was unnecessary
because of the contents of a sentence or because some logograms already
differentiated the meaning. In a spoken
language however this would have been impossible to use without some kind of
classifier or formative ending.
|
I |
n., cry of pain (derived from ér, ír, 'tears; complaint' {*>l,g,blk}[ jaj =ow ] ?) |
|
i(-r) |
(cf., ir). |
|
i5-ŋar[KA.NAR] |
to promise, predict; ominous remark (inim, 'word' + 'to make,
establish'). {inim > I 5} |
|
ìa, ì |
n., oil, fat, cream. {*w>ø}, {j >I} |
|
ia2,7,9, í |
five. |
|
ia4, i4 |
pebble, counter. |
|
ì-áb |
fat of cows, cream (?) ('fat' +
'cow'). |
|
ì-áb-sè-ga |
clarified butter, ghee (Old Sumerian) ('cow fat' + 'to make flat [by boiling away the
water]'). |
|
ib |
corner, angle, nook
[IB archaic frequency = 252; concatenates 2 sign
variants]. |
|
íb, éb |
n., middle; waist; loins; thighs. { *w>b} |
|
íb-dam-za |
anger ('to be
angry' + dum-dam...za, 'to grumble'). |
|
i-bí [BIL] |
smoke; Emesal dialect for igi, 'face; to see' ('to go
out, rise' + 'to burn'). {*p>b} |
|
ibila, ì-bí-la |
son; heir, successor; inheritance (íb (subj. prefix) + íla, 'he carries it'). {*p>b, *j>l,g,blk} |
|
íb-lal |
underwear (?) ('hips'
+ 'to hang, stretch, extend') {*w>b} |
|
ib-si8[DI] |
square ('eye' + 'to
crack open'). |
|
íb-tag4 |
leftover ('middle'
+ 'to disregard'). |
|
íd |
(cf., ída). |
|
id4,8, it4 |
(cf., itud). |
|
ída, íd, i7 |
river; main canal; watercourse (éd,'to issue', + a,'water'). {*w>blk
}, {t>d} |
|
íd-a-dug |
irrigation project ('canal'
+ 'water' + 'vessel'). |
|
i-dib |
threshold; flagstone, slab; device, contrivance ('to go out' + 'to traverse, cross'). {*#k>g>h>blk} |
|
Id-igna |
the Tigris river (ída/íd, 'river', + ì, 'impersonal
verbal conjugation prefix', + ŋin, 'to go', +
nominative a, "the river that goes", the Tigris was a
faster-moving river than the |
|
idim |
n., spring, underground water; weight, mass (ída, 'river', + mú, 'to sprout,
appear'). |
|
ì-dub |
storage jugs, pitchers ('oil' + 'to store, heap up'). |
|
ì-dùg(-ga), |
perfume; good oil ('oil'
+ 'sweet'). |
|
ì-dùg-nun(-na), |
cream; perfume ('oil'
+ 'sweet' + 'fine'). |
|
i-dutu |
outcry; complaint; cry for justice; 'Oh, Shamash!' ('cry' + divine determinative + 'god of justice'). |
|
ig |
door, entrance [IG archaic frequency = 43; concatenates 2 sign variants]. *ŋ>g/n
|
|
igi |
n., eye(s); glance;
{ |
|
igi |
reciprocal of a number (= the multiplier that
will give 60; the igi of 5 is 0;12)
|
|
igi(-šè)... dib(2) |
to pass in front of/before ('face' + terminative suffix + 'to pass by'). |
|
igi(-tur)... gíd |
to despise, look upon with disfavor or anger |
|
igi...bad |
to open one's eyes ('eye'
+ 'to open'). |
|
igi...bar |
to look at ('eye' +
'to open'). *p>b |
|
igi...dù |
to be on the lookout for (with -ši-) ('eye'
+ 'to raise erect'). |
|
igi...du8 |
to see (often with -ni- or bi-); to
spy; to witness ('eye' + 'to crack open'). |
|
igi...gub |
to look at ('eye' + 'to set'). |
|
igi...íl |
to direct the eyes to (with -ši-, at a specific object); to view; to look over ('eyes' + 'to lift'). [ügy-el =to take care of something, to keep an eye on; figyel =to observe,watch over] |
|
igi...kár |
to look upon; to examine, inspect; to select
(often with -ši-) ('eyes' + 'to illuminate'). |
|
igi...lal |
to close one's eyes ('eyes'
+ 'to diminish, retreat'). |
|
igi...ŋál |
to (be able to) see; to understand; to look upon
(often with -ši-) |
|
igi...ŋar |
to face, look at (with -ši- adds intensity to the gaze); to appear before someone |
|
igi...si(-g) |
to see ('eyes' +
'to fill'). |
|
igi...suh |
to stare with wide-open eyes ('eyes' + 'to pop out'). |
|
igi...te-en |
to unite ('eyes' +
'to soften, allay'). |
|
igi...ùru |
to be on guard, vigilant ('eyes' + 'to watch, guard'). |
|
i-gi4-in-zu |
indeed!; as, like (used in hypothetical
comparisons). |
|
igi-4-ŋál |
1/4. “one-4 + (? ŋál ) |
|
igi-6-ŋál |
1/6. “one-6 +(?
ŋál ) |
|
igi-a-a-na-šè |
before his father ('front'
+ 'father' + ni-a(k), 'his + genitive' + terminative suffix, 'unto').
{ adda > a =father} |
|
igi-bala |
traitor, turncoat; shiftiness ('eyes' + 'to turn, change, revolt'). |
|
igi-daŋ-al |
wide seeing eyes ('eyes'
+ 'wide'). |
|
igi-du |
adj. for a lead animal; leader (also read as palil) ('front'
+ 'to walk'). {*dh >d >dj =g } |
|
igi-du8-a |
visibility (of the moon) ('to see' + nominative). |
|
igi-gu4 |
a stylized biconvex geometric figure constructed from 120 degree arcs ('eye' + 'ox'). |
|
igi-gub(-ba) |
coefficient ('inverse' + 'fixed'). |
|
igi-gùn-gùn |
flashing eyes ('eyes;
face' + 'to sparkle; to have on makeup'). |
|
igi-hul...dím |
to put the evil eye (on someone) ('eye' + 'evil' + 'to fashion'). |
|
igi-íl-la |
choice ('eyes' +
'to lift' + nominative). |
|
igi-lá |
(cf., igi-tùm-lá). |
|
igi-mè(-/ak/) |
before the battle; vanguard ('before; front' + 'battle' + genitive). |
|
IGI-NAR(-m) |
review, inspection, supervision. |
|
igi-nim(-ma) |
upper country - from |
|
igi-níŋin |
treachery ('eye' + 'to wander, turn away'). |
|
igi-nu-du8(-a) |
blind person - a slave; unskilled worker ('eye' + 'not' + 'to crack open'). |
|
igi-ŋál(-la) |
clever, intelligent ('eye'
+ 'to place [into]' + nominative). |
|
ígi-ra |
heron (igi, 'the eye', + ra, 'to strike'). |
|
igi-šè...du |
to walk in front of ('to
the front' + 'to walk'). {*dh >g} |
|
igi-sig5 |
pulverized (onions) (cf., mun-gazi) ('eye' + 'to be good'). |
|
igi-sìg-sìg[PA-PA] |
an insulting face ('face'
+ reduplicated 'to strike, knock down'; cf., ka-sìg). |
|
igi-su |
(cf., i-gi4-in-zu). |
|
igi-te-en |
fraction; proportions; symmetry. |
|
igi-tùm-lá |
coveting, longing, greedy eyes; a starving person
('eyes' + 'to obtain, carry away' + 'to weigh'). |
|
igi-u4-è-a |
facing the sunrise, facing east ('face; before' + dutu-è, 'sunrise' + locative). |
|
igi-X-šè |
in the presence of X ('face, front' + X + terminative suffix). [ 'eye' + X +hoz =to X ] |
|
igi-zàŋ-ŋá; |
select, precious ('eyes' + 'to choose' + nominative). |
|
igi-zé-zé |
dry-eyed (?) ('eyes' +
'to cut, shear, pluck'; Akk. ,suhhutum means 'pressed out'). |
|
igi-zi...bar |
to choose; to legitimate ('to look at' + 'legitimate; to strengthen'). |
|
igi-zu |
(cf., i-gi4-in-zu). |
|
ì-gu-la) |
perfumed oil ('oil' + 'flax' + 'beauty, desire'). |
|
ì-HI-nun(-na) |
(cf., ì-dùg-nun(-na); hé-nun; hi-nun). |
|
i-i |
(reduplicated éd). |
|
ì-ir-a |
ointment ('oil' +
'perfume' + nominative). |
|
iku |
a surface measure of 3600 meters2 =
100 sar = 1 square 'rope' = 1/18 bùr |
|
í-kú |
inclined angle, inclination (e.g., 45 degrees - the angle formed by animals
eating fodder). |
|
ì-ku6 |
fish oil ('oil' +
'fish'). [ -l(V)# >blk] |
|
íl |
(cf., íla). |
|
il5 |
(cf., ili5). |
|
íla, íli, íl |
n., carrier. [ el =away ] |
|
ì-lah4 |
a profession (impersonal
verbal prefix + 'to fling away'). |
|
íldag[A-AM]-zi-da {ld~gy} |
pleasant poplar tree ('poplar
tree' + 'good'). { *j>l,
g } |
|
il-duma(2,3), ildum(2/3),
ildu(2/3) |
crowd [ILDUM archaic frequency= 5; concatenation of 2 sign
variants]. |
|
ì-lí |
fine oil (jar) ('oil'
+ 'true measure; fine oil'). {*j>l/g } |
|
ili5 |
to rise, get up. *s>ø
|
|
Ilimmu |
nine (ía/í, 'five', + limmu, 'four').
|
|
íl-lá |
elevation ('to
lift' + 'to hang'; cf., dùn-lá, 'depression'). |
|
illu |
high water, flood; (amniotic) fluid; resin. {*m>w>ø } |
|
i-lu |
song, lament, dirge ('cry'
+ 'to multiply'). {-k(V)#>blk} |
|
i-lu...du11/e |
to sing a dirge ('dirge'
+ 'to speak, sing'). |
|
ím |
cf., gim4 |
|
im, em |
cf., imi. |
|
IM...dirig |
(cf., ní...dirig). |
|
im...mir |
to be windy ('wind'
+ 'storm wind'). {*lm>m } |
|
im...šèŋ |
to rain ('storm' +
'to rain'). {*lm >m} |
|
IM×TAK4; IM.TAK4; |
to cut; to be cut out. |
|
im-ba |
loss ('the paid out'). |
|
im-babbar(2) |
gypsum; whitewash ('clay'
+ 'white'). bar=white >> babbar
?light {*p>b} |
|
im-dù-a; |
wall of rammed earth; adobe wall ('mud' + 'to build, erect' + nominative). |
|
im-dugud |
lump of earth or metal (cf., aŋarx) ('clay, earth' + 'weight'). |
|
IMdungu |
cloud, cloudbank. |
|
im-gíd-da |
small, one column tablet ('clay tablet' + 'long' + 'side'). |
|
im-ha-mun |
a dark-colored earth used for a high-contrast dye |
|
im-hul |
evil wind ('wind' +
'evil'). {lm>m} |
|
imhur[IGI.A] |
foam. |
|
imi, im, em |
clay, loam, mud; tablet [IM archaic frequency = 67; concatenation of 2 sign
variants]. |
|
imi, im, em |
wind; direction; weather; storm; cloud; rain (cf., tumu).
{lm>m} |
|
imin(2,3) |
seven; totality; innumerable; all (ía/í, 'five', + min, 'two'). |
|
im-lá |
container; width ('clay'
+ 'to hold'). {?w>m} |
|
im-lag |
clump of clay ('clay'
+ 'piece'). l>r |
|
im-ma |
last, [vala =was ] |
|
im-ma...gub |
to register on a clay tablet ('clay tablet' + locative + 'to write down'; cf., im-šu-gub). |
|
im-ma-al |
milk cow (cf., immal(2)). {ke# >blk} |
|
immal(2) |
milk cow (cf., im-ma-al).
|
|
im-mar-tu |
westwind ('wind' +
'western desert'). |
|
im-ma-si-im-ma-diri-ga |
'it is too much' - the scream of suffering men or
of women in travail (a deverbalized fixed form). |
|
im-me |
to be the one for (ì + me + a). |
|
immen, immin, imma |
(cf., enmen). |
|
ímmen, ímmin, ímma |
(cf., énmen). |
|
immindu |
roasting, baking oven (imi/im, 'clay', + ninda, 'bread'). |
|
im-nun |
edge of the civilized world ('writing tablet' + 'great'). |
|
imŋaŋa(2,3) |
husked (?) emmer wheat. |
|
im-ŋíri |
lightning storm ('storm' + 'lightning flash'). |
|
im-ri-ha-mun |
storm, whirlwind ('weather'
+ 'to blow' + 'mutually opposing'). |
|
im-ru(-a), |
relatives, family, clan ('the sent out'). {*ke#>blk} |
|
im-sa12-ti-um |
eastwind ('wind' +
'eastern mountains'). {*lm>m} |
|
im-sar(-ra) |
clay tablet; document ('clay' + 'to write' + nominative). |
|
im-si-sá |
northwind ('wind' +
'straight'). |
|
im-šu |
paragraph, section, extract (on a tablet) ('clay tablet' + 'portion'). |
|
im-šu-gub |
list tablet ('sections' + 'to write down'; cf., im-ma...gub). |
|
im-šu-rin-na |
oven. |
|
im-u18-lu |
southwind ('wind' + 'storm'). |
|
in |
he, she; |
|
in(-nu)(-šè)...dúb |
to insult; to taunt (with -ni-) ('insult'
( + terminative suffix) + 'to knock down'). |
|
in...bu5-bu5 |
to blow away the straw/chaff ('straw' + redup. 'to blow';
cf., bul). {*ś>blk},{*p>b} |
|
in...dé-a |
cleaning straw after winnowing ('straw' + 'to pour' + nominative). {*ś>blk}, {*p>b} |
|
in-dal |
chaff ('straw' +
'to fly'). {*ś>blk} {*w>blk } |
|
in-dub |
marked out border ('straw'
+ 'to heap up'). {*ś>blk}, {*p>b } |
|
in-ga-
{m>n} |
again; equally (frequently follows -gim).
{m~n } |
|
in-ga-na-nam |
it is also ('equally' + emphatic + 'to be'). |
|
Inim |
word; statement; command, order, decree; oath,
agreement; matter, affair, concern, subject (in, 'one discrete individual', + eme, 'speech'). |
|
inim...bala |
to have a conversation; to interpret; to
translate ('words' + 'to revolve'). *r~l, *p>b |
|
inim...dug4/du11/e |
to say ('words' +
'to speak'). |
|
inim...gi4 |
to answer (with dative prefix and -ni-); to call back one's word (with bi-) ('word'
+ 'to return'). |
|
inim...kíŋ |
to seek or find the right word ('word' + 'to seek, fetch'). |
|
inim...ku5(-r) |
to swear ('word' + 'to cut, curse'). [*nime + *kore >>har-ag =angry ] kír 10=angry |
|
inim...ŋar |
to bring an action against someone (before the court); to claim ('word' + 'to set, fix'). |
|
inim...šár |
to search for clarification ('word' + 'to request, implore'). |
|
inim-búr-ra |
breach of treaty ('words'
+ 'to dissolve, loosen' + nominative). |
|
inim-dirig |
excessive words, arrogance, hubris ('words' + 'to exceed'). |
|
inim-dùg |
good word ('word' +
'sweet, good'). |
|
inim-inim-ma |
compositions; wisdom ('word' + 'word' + genitive ?). "words of" |
|
inim-ma... sè(-g) [SUM] |
to imagine, conceive an idea ('in a word' + 'to place'). |
|
inim-sig... gu7(-gu7) |
to (produce) slander ('word'
+ 'low; small' + 'to consume'; cf., eme-sig...gu7). |
|
inim-sig-ga |
slander ('word' +
'low; small' + nominative). |
|
inim-šùd(-da) |
a word of prayer ('word'
+ 'to pray' + nominative). |
|
inim-zu |
one who knows the (proper) words; learned ('words' + 'to know'). |
|
in-na |
insult. |
|
in-nam-gíd-da |
storehouse (rare variant of uš-gíd-da). |
|
in-nu |
negation (cf., an-na, 'yes'). |
|
in-nu(-da) |
straw ('straw' + nud, 'bed' + genitive). |
|
ì-nun |
butter; clarified butter, ghee (Neo-Sumerian) ('fat, oil' + 'noble'). {m>n} |
|
ì-ŋiš |
sesame oil ('oil' + 'tree'). "tree oil" |
|
ír |
(cf., ér). |
|
ir(10) |
n., sweat; smell, odor, scent; perfume, fragrance |
|
ir(10), er |
v., to bring; to lead away (Emesal dialect for túm, cf., re7).
|
|
ir3,11 |
(cf., |
|
ì-rá-rá |
ointment mixer ('fat'
+ reduplicated 'to stir, mix'). |
|
iri |
cf., uru). |
|
ir-si-im; |
fragrant aroma, scent ('perfume' + 'to fill up' + 'wind'; no indication of Afroasiatic
cognates). |
|
iš |
(cf., iši). |
|
ì-šah |
pig lard ('fat' + 'pig'). |
|
ì-saŋ |
best, fine oil ('oil'
+ 'prime'). |
|
is-háb |
fool ('organ' + 'foul-smelling'). |
|
Isi |
pit; clay pit. |
|
iši |
mountain [IŠ archaic frequency = 88; concatenates 3 sign variants]. |
|
išib |
n., priest who performs exorcisms, incantations, lustrations and
purification. |
|
i-si-iš |
complaint; lament (cf., isiš2,3). |
|
i-si-iš...lá |
to sit in anguish (isiš2,3, 'moaning' + 'to hang'). |
|
i-si-iš...ŋar |
to wail (to someone dative) (isiš2,3, 'moaning' + 'to set'). |
|
isimu2,3, isim2,3 |
shoot, sprout; offspring, descendant (i, 'sprout', + si, 'straight, long, narrow', + mú, 'to grow'). {*m~n } ['sprout' + szük=narrow + nö =grow ] |
|
išin [PA-ŠE] |
stalk. |
|
ì-si-na |
(cf., e-si-na). |
|
isiš2,3 |
n., moaning; laughter. |
|
iskim |
(cf., ŋiskim). |
|
i-ti |
(cf., itud). |
|
ì-ti |
moonlight (cf., it-ud). {k>h>blk} * kuŋe > _uŋe >na (as in na-na the moon god. |
|
iti ddumu-zi |
calendar month 12 at Umma during Ur III. |
|
iti dLi9-si4 |
calendar month 9 at Umma during Ur III. |
|
iti6 |
moonlight. [ idö=time , hav > hod =moon,month ] |
|
itiab(-ba)-è |
calendar month 10 at |
|
itiá-ki-ti |
calendar month 7 at |
|
itiamar-a-a-si |
calendar month 10 at Lagaš during Ur III. “cattle” marha |
|
itiapin-dug-a |
calendar month 8 at |
|
itibára-zà-ŋar |
calendar month 1 at |
|
itidu6-kù |
calendar month 7 at |
|
itié-iti-6 |
calendar month 8 at Umma during Ur III. |
|
itiezen-An-na |
calendar month 10 at Drehem through Šu-Sin 3;
calendar month 11 at Drehem after Šu-Sin 3; calendar month 11 at |
|
itiezen-dAmar-Sin |
calendar month 7 at Umma during years 6 - 8 of Amar-Sin. |
|
itiezen-dBa-ba6 |
calendar month 8 at Lagaš during Ur III. “?the goddess Bau”
Bau+dug +gasan >> Bodog aszony =the chief Hungarian goddess, of
life, fertility, birth, healing. There is some holiday associated with her in
almost every month. However the
holiday of the |
|
itiezen-dDumu-zi |
calendar month 6 at Lagaš during Ur III. |
|
itiezen-dLi9-si4 |
calendar month 3 at Lagaš during Ur III. |
|
itiezen-dŋin-a-zu |
calendar month 5 at Drehem through Šu-Sin 3; |
|
itiezen-dŠu-dEN.ZU(Sin) |
calendar month 8 at Drehem in year Šu-Sin 3; |
|
itiezen-dŠul-gi |
calendar month 7 at Drehem through Šu-Sin 3; |
|
itiezen-mah |
calendar month 9 at Drehem through Šu-Sin 3; |
|
itiezen-me-ki-ŋál |
calendar month 11 at Drehem through Šu-Sin 3; |
|
itigána-maš |
calendar month 1 at Lagaš during Ur III. |
|
itigan-gan-è |
calendar month 9 at |
|
itigud-si-su |
calendar month 2 at |
|
itikíŋ-dInanna |
calendar month 6 at |
|
itiki-sig-dŋin-a-zu |
calendar month 4 at Drehem through Šu-Sin 3; |
|
itima, itim, idi |
cella, chapel. [ ð >gy ügy=holy (place)] |
|
itimaš-dù-gu7 |
calendar month 1 at Drehem through Šu-Sin 3; “twins” más-od=2nd |
|
itimin-èš |
calendar month 7 at Umma during Ur III. |
|
itimunu4-gu7 |
calendar month 5 at Lagaš during Ur III. |
|
itimurub4 |
calendar month 4 at Umma during Ur III. |
|
itimu-šu-du7 |
calendar month 9 at Lagaš during Ur III. |
|
itiNE-izi-ŋar |
calendar month 5 at |
|
itipa4-ú-e |
calendar month 11 at Umma during Ur III. |
|
itiše-bar-ra-ŋál-la |
calendar month 3 at Umma during Ur III. |
|
itiše-gur10-ku5 |
(cf., itiše-saŋ11-ku5). |
|
itiše-íl-la |
calendar month 12 at Lagaš during Ur III. |
|
itiše-saŋ11-ku5 |
calendar month 12 at Nippur during Ur III; |
|
itišeš-da-gu7 |
calendar month 2 at Drehem through Šu-Sin 3; |
|
itisig4-ga |
calendar month 3 at |
|
itisig4-ŋišì-šub-ba-ŋar |
calendar month 2 at Umma during Ur III. |
|
itišu-eš-ša |
calendar month 8 at Drehem before Šu-Sin 3; |
|
itišu-numun |
calendar month 4 at Lagaš during Ur III; |
|
itiu5-bí-gu7 |
calendar month 3 at Drehem through Šu-Sin 3; |
|
itiUR |
calendar month 7 at |
|
itizíz-a |
calendar month 11 at |
|
itu, iti |
(cf., itud). |
|
itud, itid, itu, iti, id8; it4,id4 |
moon; month; moonlight (te, 'to approach, meet', + ud, 'sun'). |
|
ì-udu |
fat, tallow ('fat' + 'sheep'). |
|
i-zi |
waves (cf., iz-zi)
('to go out, rise' + 'to rise, go out').
*k>ø |
|
izi...lá |
to purify with fire ('fire'
+ 'to raise up'). |
|
izi...ne-ne(-r) |
to fan the fire ('fire'
+ reduplicated nir, 'to winnow'). *ŋ>g/n
|
|
izi...sìg[PA] |
to set on fire ('fire'
+ 'to knock down, demolish'). |
|
izi...šub |
to hurl fire ('fire' + 'to throw'). |
|
izi...te |
fire approaches ('fire'
+ 'to approach'). |
|
izi...te-en |
to extinguish or calm a fire ('fire' + 'to calm, extinguish'). |
|
ízi[KI-IZI]-ur5 |
coal ('fire-place'
+ 'liver, soul'). |
|
izi[NE] |
fire (cf., iz-zi) [NE archaic frequency = 303;
concatenation of 4 sign variants]. |
|
izi-gi6-eden-na |
shadow ('fire' +
'night' + 'steppe; spine'). |
|
izi-lá |
torch ('fire' + 'to
raise up'). *k>ø |
|
izkim |
(cf., ŋiskim). |
|
iz-zi[ŋIŠ-ZI]; iz-zi8[ŋIŠ-KAL] |
house wall; [szél=edge,
periphery,boundary] |
|
ka |
mouth [KA archaic frequency = 108; concatenates 2 sign variants]. |
|
ka |
in late usage the difference between a rough measuring and a final measuring of a quantity of grain. |
|
ká |
gate [? KA2 archaic frequency = 11; concatenates 4 sign
variants]. (see previous ka ) |
|
ka ki...zu-zu |
to kiss the ground ('mouth'
+ 'ground' + reduplicated 'to know').
{*j>g>k } |
|
KA šu...ŋál |
(cf., kiri4 šu...ŋál). |
|
ka(-al)-lu5 |
a vessel, bowl (Akkadian loanword, kalû; Orel & Stolbova
#1423, *kalVy-, 'vessel'). |
|
ka...ba |
to converse ('mouth' + 'to give'). |
|
ka...dù |
to accuse (reduplication class) ('mouth' + 'to build, make'). |
|
KA...HAR |
(cf., zú...ur5). |
|
KA...kéš-(d) |
to organize; to have an agreement; to put
together; |
|
ka...sag9-sag9 |
to make the mouth pleasant ('mouth' + reduplicated 'good, pleasing'). |
|
KÁ.GAL |
(cf., abul). |
|
KA×LI...di/e |
(cf., gù-nun...di/e). |
|
KA×LI...gi4(-gi4) |
(cf., sig14..gi4). |
|
ka5-(a) |
fox. |
|
ka9 |
(cf., kas7 and níŋ-kas7/ka9). |
|
ka-al |
clay pit. |
|
ka-aš...bar |
to render a decision. |
|
ka-aš-bar |
decision ('mouth' +
'one' + 'to divide'; cf., eš-bar). |
|
káb |
flaxen measuring string ?. |
|
káb...dug4 |
to measure or count commodities for accounting or taxation ('string' ? + 'to do'). |
|
kabar, kapar[PA.DAG.KISIM5×GAG] |
shepherd boy (ká, 'gate', + bar, 'to open'). |
|
ká-bar-ra |
outer door ('gate' + 'outside' + nominative). |
|
kad4,5 |
to tie, bind together
[KAD4 archaic frequency = 13; concatenates 4 sign
variants]. {-ke# >blk} |
|
kadra(2) |
gift, bribe (kad4, 'to tie together', + ru,
'present, gift'). |
|
ka-dù-a, |
fierce or accusing mouth. |
|
ka-duh-a |
with open mouth ('mouth' + 'to crack open' + nominative). |
|
ka-gáraš-a |
catastrophe ('mouth'
+ 'military encampment' + nominative). |
|
ka-guru7 |
granary supervisor ('mouth'
+ 'silo'). |
|
ka-íd-da |
canal intake ('mouth'
+ 'river' + genitive). {t >d} |
|
kak |
(cf., gag). |
|
KA-kešda |
regiment ('mouth;
word' + 'to bind'). |
|
kak-ús |
goad ('nail' + 'to drive'; cf., bar-úsurudu). |
|
kal-(l) |
v., to esteem, value; to be rare; [ kelö=something
wanted, needed, apreciated] |
|
kala3,4,5, gala3,4,5 |
store-pit; cellar (cf.,
ki-lal/lá, 'cellar granary, silo' with vowel harmony). |
|
kalag, kala, kal |
v., to repair, mend (kal, 'excellent', + aka/ag, 'to make'). |
|
ka-làl |
a sweet person ('mouth' + 'honey'). |
|
kalam |
the land (of |
|
kal-kal; |
highly esteemed or valued, precious (reduplicated 'to esteem, value'). |
|
kal-la-kal-la |
barren, empty ('to be rare'). |
|
ka-lu5 |
(cf., ka-al-lu5). |
|
kàm |
n., tablet; disk (of metal or wood) (ka, 'mouth' + imi, 'clay'). |
|
kam(2) |
n., grasp, grip. [*kälmä > kiv-án =desire, want ] |
|
ká-mè |
wings of a temple door ('gate' + 'battle'). |
|
kana3,5, kan3,5 |
n., apprehension, worry; affliction, trouble (ka, 'mouth' + ní;
ne4, 'fear'). |
|
kankal |
hard soil; uncultivated land (ki, 'earth, place', + nu, 'not', + kal[-l], 'excellent, valuable'). |
|
KA-nun...di/e |
(cf., gù-nun...di/e). |
|
ka-ŋìri |
path ('mouth' +
'feet; way, path'). *ŋ>g>k, *k>ø
|
|
kapar |
(cf., kabar). |
|
kar |
n., embankment; quay-wall; [kor-hány =a 'mound
& pile' of dirt (for a grave)] |
|
kàr |
(cf., gàr). |
|
kar(-ra)...ús |
to reach the quay (in a boat) ('quay' + locative + 'to reach, moor to'). |
|
kára, kár, guru6 |
to encircle, besiege[ker-it=encircle], |
|
kàš |
urine (an etymology
involving še10, 'excrement', would have to be forced so much, that
the homophone kaš, 'beer', with its similar appearance, probably
replaced the use of a, 'water', to mean 'urine' at some point). |
|
kaš, |
beer; alcoholic beverage (ka, 'mouth', + áš, 'to desire') |
|
kàš...sur |
to urinate ('urine' + 'to expel a liquid'). [*kuće > hugy =urin + csor-og= stream, flow, drip] |
|
kaš4, |
n., speed; runner, courier, messenger; nonresident, noncitizen, tourist (place(s) + locative + many) [KAS4 archaic frequency= 1]. |
|
kaš4...dug4/du11/e |
to run ('speed' +
'to effect'). |
|
kaš4...kar |
to run fast ('speed'
+ 'to escape, run away'). |
|
kaš4-di |
adj. or adv., running. |
|
kas7, ka9 |
deduction; settlement of accounts; possession (back-formation from níŋ-kas7/ka9). |
|
ka-šakan |
supervisor of the fat stores ('mouth' + 'large oil jar'). { ka-sak>sa-kan {metathesis} |
|
kaš-bir |
small beer; sweet beer (kaš, 'beer', + bír, 'to sniff'). |
|
kaš-dé...aka |
to put on a banquet ('banquet'
+ 'to do'). |
|
kaš-dé-a |
banquet, libation, party ('beer' + 'to pour' + nominative). |
|
kaš-dùg/du10 |
sweet drink ('beer'
+ 'sweet, fresh'). |
|
kaš-gíg |
dark beer ('beer' +
'black, dark'). {*j>g } |
|
kaš-gíg-dùg-ga |
good dark beer ('beer'
+ 'black, dark' + 'sweet, fresh' + nominative). {*j>g } |
|
ka-sìg[PA] |
an insulting mouth ('mouth'
+ 'to strike, knock down'; cf., igi-sìg-sìg).
*ŋ>g/k |
|
kas-kal |
expedition, caravan; road; journey (kaš4/kas4,
'to travel fast', + kalag/kal, 'swift') |
|
kaš-kal |
strong (?) beer ('beer' + 'strong; excellent'). |
|
kas-kal...sig10/sì(-g) |
to clear a road ('road'
+ 'to place, put in; to engrave; to make flat, even'). |
|
kaš-si4 |
reddish-brown beer ('beer' + 'red-brown'). |
|
kaš-sig15 |
light beer ('beer'
+ 'pleasing; valuable'; cf., zíd-sig15). |
|
kaš-sig5 |
good beer ('beer' +
'good, fine quality'). |
|
kaš-sur-ra |
pressed out beer ('beer'
+ 'to press; to brew' + nominative). |
|
ka-sù-ga |
an empty mouth ('mouth' + 'to be empty' + nominative). |
|
ka-ta...kar |
to take away ('mouth'
+ 'from' + 'to take away'). ŋ>g>k |
|
ka-tab |
to be clogged ('mouth' + 'to clasp'). |
|
ka-ta-è |
utterance ('mouth'
+ 'from' + 'to go out'). *ŋ>g/k,
*l>ø |
|
ka-tar |
princely; praise; challenger; a type of fungus or
rot ('mouth' + 'to decide; to destroy').
|
|
ka-tar...si-il |
to praise ('praise' + sil, 'to praise'). |
|
-ke4 |
often occurs at the end of a genitival compound
which functions as the actor or agent of the sentence (ak,
genitival suffix 'of', + e, ergative agent marker). *ŋ>g/n |
|
ke-en-ge-ra |
(cf., ki-en-gi7(-r)). |
|
kéš |
(cf., kešda). “knot” |
|
kešda, kešdr?, |
n., knot [*kitke > köt=to tie]; |
|
kéš-de6 |
a fish measure ('to join, tie' + 'to carry'). |
|
ki |
n., earth; place; area; location; ground; grain ('base' + 'to rise, sprout') |
|
kì |
(cf., kìd). |
|
ki-(bi-šè)...gi4 |
to restore (usually with bi-, or with dative prefix) (lit.,
return [to its] place) |
|
ki...áŋ-(ŋ) |
to love (someone with dative infix; something with locative/loc.-terminative infix); to show affection ('ground' + 'to measure' = the first recorded euphemism ?, or the result of popular etymology from kam(2), 'to desire'; cf., ki-ná...aka). [kegy =care ~ kéj=lust j~gy] |
|
ki...dar |
to break the ground ('ground'
+ 'to split'; cf., ki-in-dar). |
|
ki...de6 |
to bury ('ground' +
'to bring; to continue').
{Sumerian ki-tum =burial place} |
|
ki...hur |
to scratch the earth; to paw the ground ('ground' + 'to scratch'). |
|
ki...kíŋ, kin |
to seek (with -ši- denoting the object of the search) ('place, ground' + 'to seek, scour') |
|
ki...lá |
to heed, pay attention to. |
|
ki...ŋar |
to found, establish (a building or town) (often
with -ni- or bi-) ('ground'
+ 'to place'). |
|
ki...ri |
to scratch the ground ('ground' + 'to touch ;to gather'). |
|
ki...sur |
to fix the boundary ('place'
+ 'ditch; to delimit'). |
|
ki...tag |
to lay on the ground; to lay the foundation ('ground' + 'to adorn'). |
|
ki...tùm |
to bury (a dead person) ('ground' + 'to prepare; to bring'). |
|
ki...ús |
to set on the ground; to touch the ground; to
throw to the ground; to establish (often with -ni-)
('ground' + 'to moor, join'). |
|
ki...za |
to bow down, submit (reduplication class) ('ground' + 'to make a repetitive motion'). |
|
KI.NE |
(cf., dinig and nemur). |
|
ki-a...su-ub |
to kiss the ground; to prostrate oneself ('ground' + locative + 'to suck'). |
|
ki-á-áŋ-(ŋá) |
the place of issuing orders (cf., á-áŋ-ŋá, 'instructions, orders'). |
|
ki-a-naŋ |
libation place; death offering ('place' + 'water' + 'to water'). |
|
ki-áŋ |
beloved. |
|
kib |
an object, that could be made of gold. |
|
ki-bad-rá |
distant places ('places' + 'to be at a distance' + nominative). |
|
ki-bala |
rebellious country, rebel land ('place' + 'to revolt'). |
|
kíbir |
firewood, kindling. |
|
ki-búr |
solution, answer ('place' + 'exposed'). |
|
kibx[GIG] (-ba) |
wheat. |
|
kìd, kì |
to build; to make; to act (ground/floor plus motion). |
|
kid2,7 |
to pinch off (clay); to remove; to divorce; to
dispossess; to open (ground with motion away
from; cf., kìr, 'to nip off clay'). |
|
kid6, kad6,8 |
to weave a mat (ground/floor
plus motion). |
|
KÍD-al-am |
sculptor ('to pinch
off clay' + 'statue'). |
|
ki-di-ku5-da/ru |
place of judicial decisions ('place' + 'decisions' + 'to cut, decide' + nominative without/with vowel harmony). |
|
ki-dul |
secret; obscure point ('place' + 'to cover, hide'). |
|
ki-dúr |
nest or den for animals (plural, cf., ki-tuš) ('place' + 'to dwell (plural)'). |
|
ki-duru5 |
parts of the field where the ground is moist and
productive; riverbank; generosity |
|
ki-è |
exit ('place' + 'to go out'). [ ki =out, kin(-t)=outside (-t=locative) ] |
|
ki-e-ne-di |
playing ground; (place of) dancing (also read as ešemen) ('place' + 'to play'). |
|
ki-en-gir15/gi7(-r);
ki-en-gi(-r) |
|
|
ki-gal |
big place; great Earth (as opposed to an-gal, 'great Heavens'); |
|
ki-gibil-gibil-lá |
constant renewal ('place' + reduplicated 'renewal' + nominative). |
|
ki-gub(-ba) |
assigned place to stand, station; socle ('place' + 'to stand' + nominative). |
|
ki-gul-la |
waif ('ground' + 'to
fall upon' + nominative; cf., gul-lum). |
|
ki-hul |
mourning rites ('ground'
+ 'to destroy; evil'). |
|
ki-in-dar |
hole, crevice ('ground'
+ 'instance of' + 'to split'; cf., ki-dar). |
|
ki-in-du |
the earth ('ground'
+ 'instance of' + 'to walk'). {*j>dj > d} |
|
ki-in-gi4-a |
(cf., kin-gi4-a). |
|
ki-inim-ma |
place of testimony (cf., lú-ki-inim-ma) ('place' +
'oath' + genitive). |
|
ki-ir-ga |
(cf., di-ir-ga). |
|
ki-iz |
to trim, to clean (of hair, leaves, or vegetation) (cf., guz). |
|
ki-kalag |
hard ground ('ground' + 'strong'; cf., kankal). |
|
ki-kal-kal-la |
the very precious place ('place' + reduplicated 'to value, esteem' + nominative). |
|
ki-kal-la-kal-la |
the barren place = the netherworld ('place' + 'barren, empty'). |
|
ki-kid |
a place of reed mats ('place'
+ 'reed mat'). |
|
kíkkin [HAR.HAR] |
milling; mill house; |
|
ki-kúkku |
dark place ('place'
+ 'dark'). {*j>g>k} |
|
ki-lal/lá(-bi) |
(its) weight, where weight refers to area or
volume; |
|
kìlib, kìli |
totality; star(s). |
|
kilib[LAGAB] |
package, bundle. |
|
kilim, gílim, gilili |
group of (wild) animals; rodents or other very
small mammals. |
|
ki-lugal-gub(-ba) |
royal place ('place'
+ 'king' + 'to stand'). |
|
ki-lul-la |
place of murder or violence ('place' + 'malicious act' + genitive). |
|
kìm[BU], gim7 |
willow tree. |
|
ki-ma-an-zé-er |
a slippery place ('a place where it slips for me'; cf., ŋìri...zé-er). |
|
ki-mah |
high place; place of honor; grave ('place' + 'exalted'). |
|
kin |
(cf., kíŋ). |
|
kin |
(cf., kíŋ). |
|
ki-ná |
sleeping quarters; bed, bedding ('place' + 'bed'). |
|
ki-ná...aka |
to make love ('bed'
+ 'to do'). |
|
ki-nam-nitah |
battlefield ('place' + 'manliness'). |
|
kinbur |
bird's nest or perch (ki, 'place', + an, 'high', + bùru/bùr,
'receptacle'). |
|
kinda |
barber. |
|
kínda[URI]; kindax[LAK-419] |
a type of vessel for measuring barley or holding
water. |
|
kin-daŋal(2) |
overseer of a group of (five) slaves. |
|
kin-gal |
commander, director (kíŋ, 'to order', + gal, 'big, great') [KINGAL archaic frequency= 39]. |
|
king-usili |
greater part; five-sixths (5/6) (kíŋ, 'task', + sílig, 'hand [of five fingers]'). |
|
ki-ninda-gu7 |
place to eat bread ('place' + 'bread' + 'to eat'). |
|
ki-ní-te |
resting place ('place' + ní...te-en, 'to calm down'). |
|
kíŋ, kin |
n., message, order; [ kij-ál-t>kiál-t =shout ] *j>ŋ |
|
kíŋ...aka |
to work; to manufacture ('orders' + 'to do'). |
|
kíŋ...ŋá |
to work ('orders' + 'to make, deliver'). |
|
kíŋ...ti |
to assign work ('orders' + 'to keep alive'). |
|
kíŋ/kinku6 |
a fish. |
|
kíŋ[-kíŋ]... til |
to finish one's work ('orders'
+ 'to keep alive'). { til metathesis} as shown by alad =life force |
|
ki-ŋar |
grounds; settled place; place where something is
built ('ground' + 'to place'). |
|
kíŋ-dù-a |
construction work ('tasks' + 'to build, erect' + nominative). |
|
kíŋ-dúb-ba |
hammering work ('tasks' + 'to strike, hammer' + nominative). |
|
kíŋ-gi4-a |
messenger, envoy; message ('messages' + 'to return' + 'the one who'). |
|
ki-ŋìri |
path ('place' +
'feet; way, path'). |
|
ki-ŋiš-ŋiš-lá |
battlefield ('place' + 'tools' + 'to raise'; cf., ŋiš-ŋiš-lá). |
|
kíŋ-sahar |
earth-moving work ('tasks'
+ 'earth, silt'). |
|
kíŋ-šè...aka |
to put to work ('orders' + terminative + 'to do'). |
|
kíŋ-sig(7/17) |
evening meal; time of the evening meal; evening;
cool of the evening ('tasks' + 'late'). |
|
kíŋ-sig-gin7 |
during the evening ('evening'
+ 'during'). |
|
kir |
(cf., gir). |
|
kír |
a large vessel; beer keg (ki,'place', + ir(2),
'fluid secretion'; cf., gir,
kir, 'cow or mare'). {*k>h} |
|
kìr[LAGAB] |
to nip off (clay) (ki, 'earth', + ur4, 'to shear, reap'; cf., kud, kur5; and kid2,7, 'to pinch
off'). |
|
kir11[MÍ.SILA4] |
female lamb [KIR11 archaic frequency= 3]. |
|
kir13 |
(cf., gir4). |
|
kor-ó |
stream dam, weir (cf. also, kiri3,4) (ki,'place', + ir(2), 'fluid secretion'/ra, 'to
flood'). |
|
kiraši |
emmer wheat for making beer. |
|
kìri/kir4[KA]-dib/dab |
groom (for leading donkeys and horses and as a
title of a court official) |
|
kìri[KA]-zal |
prosperity, splendor; splendid, wonderful ('nose' + 'to shine'). |
|
kiri3,4, kir4, giri17 |
nose; muzzle (of an animal); hyena (cf., kir6,4) (ki, 'place', + ir, 'smell'). |
|
kiri4 šu... ŋál |
to pay homage to, to greet (dative) ('nose' + 'hand' + 'to place on'). |
|
kiri4...te-en |
to sneeze ('nose' +
'cold'). |
|
kiri4...ur5 |
to sniff at; to sneer at ('nose' + 'to smell'). |
|
kiri4-šu-dù |
supplication(s) ('nose' + 'hand' + 'to fasten, apply'). |
|
kiri4-zal |
joy, prosperity ('dam
in a stream' + 'to be full, abundant'). |
|
kiri6...dù |
to lay out a garden ('garden'
+ 'to set up; to plant'). |
|
kiš, |
totality, entire political world (name of the
powerful city in the north of |
|
kí-sa |
(cf., gi-sa). |
|
ki-sá-a |
socle ('place' + 'to compare with' + nominative). |
|
ki-sá-al-ma-he |
syllabic writing for kisal-mah-e, 'in the great courtyard'. |
|
ki-sahar |
place of silt deposits ('place' + 'silt'). |
|
ki-sal |
courtyard; weight measure (ki, 'place', + sal, 'spacious') |
|
ki-sal-mah |
main courtyard ('courtyard'
+ 'foremost'). |
|
ki-šár |
horizon; |
|
ki-šè...ŋar |
to fall/throw upon the ground ('ground' [ + 'onto' ] + 'to set'). |
|
ki-še-er |
fence; enclosure; limit ('place' + šár, 'to be many'; cf., še-er-tab-ba). |
|
ki-še-er...ŋar |
to bring success ('place' + šár, 'to be many; abundance' + 'to establish'). |
|
kisi |
chamber pot (kàš, 'urine', + si14,
'a small pot'). |
|
kiši4 |
half; [*kać >
has-it=cut in two >> has-on =similar, alike ] |
|
kiši7,8,9 |
(cf., kišib7,8,9). |
|
kiš-ib(3) |
n., hand; fist; [*käte >>kéz =hand ] |
|
kišib, kiši5,10 |
mouse. |
|
kišib...ra |
to seal; to subpoena ('seal' + 'to roll, impress'). |
|
kiši-b7,8,9, kiši7,8,9 |
ant. {ńś>ś~ch} |
|
kišib-ŋál |
seal-keeper ('seal'
+ 'to have'). |
|
ki-sì-ga |
funerary offering; quarantine hut ('ground' + 'to place, set' + nominative). |
|
ki-sikil |
young woman; virgin ('place' + 'pure'). |
|
kis-im(3,5,6,7) |
milk-processing wasters; spoiled milk; smelly cheese [KISIM archaic frequency= 67; concatenates 3 sign variants]. [kosz=a slop, mess] |
|
kis-im(4) |
cheese maggot. [kosz=slop,mess ] |
|
kisim2,3,5 |
stable, pen. |
|
kis-lah(2) [KI.UD] |
empty lot; threshing floor (ki, 'place', + luh/làh, 'to sweep clean'; cf., ki-sug8). |
|
kiš-nu-ŋál |
brightly lit ('the
city of |
|
kissa |
supporting wall. |
|
ki-sug8, |
threshing floor, select fallow land whose surface was conditioned to act as a threshing floor ('land' + 'threshing floor'; cf., kislah). |
|
kisum-ma |
onion-growing land ('land'
+ 'onions' + genitive). |
|
ki-šúr |
snake hole; grave; cavity in the ground ('place' + 'fierce'). |
|
ki-su-ub... aka |
to kiss the ground; to make obeisance ('to kiss the ground' + 'to do'). |
|
ki-ta |
below; lower ('ground'
+ locative with remote deixis). |
|
ki-tuš |
seat; dwelling place (singular, cf., ki-dúr) ('place' + 'to sit, dwell (singular)'). |
|
KI-UD(-k) |
desert land ('place'
+ 'sun; dry'). |
|
ki-umun2-(m) |
"place of knowledge" (school); |
|
ki-ùr |
territory; living grounds ('place' + 'roofs'). |
|
ki-uri |
the |
|
ki-X-ta |
disbursed by X ('from
the place of X'). |
|
ki-za...bad; |
to make homage far from ('homage' + 'to be at a distance, remote'). |
|
ki-za...túmu |
to obtain homage; to refuse obeisance ('homage' + 'to obtain'). |
|
ki-zàh |
a sacred locality ('place'
+ 'to hide'). |
|
ki-zú-ur5-ra |
sharp edge ('place' + 'teeth' + 'mill stone; to chew' + nominative). |
|
ku |
to base, found, build; [
helyez =to place, to found a place ] |
|
kú |
(cf., gu7). |
|
kú |
(cf., gu7). |
|
kù |
(cf., kug). |
|
kù...lá |
to settle an account ('silver' + 'to weigh'). |
|
ku10 |
(cf., gíg). |
|
ku4 |
(cf., kur9). |
|
ku5 |
(cf., kud). |
|
ku6, kua |
fish (kú, 'food', + a, 'water') [KU6 archaic
frequency = 282; concatenates 3 sign variants]. |
|
ku6-ab-baku6 |
sea fish ('fish' +
'sea' + genitive). |
|
ku6-a-dé |
fresh fish ('fish'
+ 'water' + 'to pour, water'). |
|
ku6ba |
a shelled creature (such as a turtle or a snail); a scraping tool. ?? |
|
ku6-banšur-ra |
fish for the (offering) table ('fish' + 'table' + genitive). |
|
ku6-dar-ra |
dried fish ('fish' +
'to slice' + nominative). |
|
ku6-engur(-ra-k) |
fish of the marshes ('fish'
+ 'fresh waters' + genitive). |
|
ku6gam-gam(-ma) |
a fish type(Pomadasys stridens) (reduplicated 'curved; shriveled'). ?a-gam=swamp |
|
ku6-íl |
fish delivery ('fish'
+ 'to carry'). {*j>l} |
|
ku6kun-zi(-da) |
fish-pond fish. |
|
ku6ŋír-ús |
an inexpensive fish ('knife'
+ 'length'). |
|
ku6šà-bar |
cleaned fish ('intestines' + 'to cut open, remove'). |
|
ku6saŋ-kúr[PAB] |
a fish ('head' + 'strange'). |
|
ku7 |
(cf., kuruš). |
|
kù-babbar |
silver ('noble
metal' + 'white'). { ku=metal in Sumerian but stone in FU } |
|
kud, kur5, ku5 |
to cut off (with -ta-); [*keče >> kés=knife , has-it =to slice off, cut
into two] |
|
kù-dam-taka4 |
divorce settlement ('silver'
+ 'spouse' + 'to leave with a person'). |
|
kù-dím |
goldsmith, silversmith, metal worker ('noble metal' + 'to fashion'). |
|
kud-kud-rá |
a lame person (reduplicated 'to cut off' + nominative). |
|
kù-du8 |
ransom money (for a slave) ('silver' + 'to untie'). |
|
ku-dun...dug4 |
to profit ('solid base' + 'to heap, pile up' + 'to speak, do'). |
|
kug |
(cf., kù). |
|
kug, kù |
n., silver; precious metal; money; noble (ku, 'to base, build' + aga(3),
'diadem, circlet, crown') [KU3 archaic
frequency = 181; concatenates 3 sign variants]. Sumerian ku=ore,metal [*kiwe
>> köv, kö =stone ?] |
|
kù-im-ba(-aš... ku4) |
to lose money ('silver' + 'loss' ( + plural marker + 'to enter, turn into'). |
|
kúkku [MI.MI] |
dark. |
|
kukkuš, kukkuç ? [IŠ] |
a type of flour. |
|
KU-KU |
ancestors (?) ('to
found; to lie down'). |
|
kul |
heavy; thick; |
|
ku-li |
friend; [gyül=come
together > unite ] |
|
ku-li-an-na |
friend of heaven; dragonfly ('friend' + 'sky' + genitive). |
|
kù-luh-ha |
refined silver ('noble
metal, silver' + 'to clean' + nominative). |
|
kúm |
n., heat; summer; fever (kù, 'bright' + to be). [*kume > hev,
hö =heat, hot ] |
|
kum, gum |
n., mortar (for grinding) [GUM archaic frequency= 47; concatenation of 2 sign
variants]. |
|
kum4 [UD] |
an adjective describing flour [that would be ground in a mortar, kum] and bread. |
|
ku-mul |
cumin (Elamite ?
loanword). |
|
kun |
tail; [ |
|
kunga[ŠÚ.MUL]; kúnga[BAR.AN, ŠÚ.AN] |
donkey; onager; mule. |
|
kun-gal, gukkal [LU.HÚL] |
fat-tailed sheep (kun, 'tail', + gal,) [GUKKAL archaic frequency= 36; concatenation of 4 sign variants]. |
|
kuniŋx, kúnin |
refined asphalt, bitumen (ku, 'to build', + níŋ,
'assets'). |
|
kun-kà-an...za |
to bubble (see the definition for za). |
|
kun-saŋ |
staircase of the sanctuary ('tail; staircase' + 'head, chief'). |
|
kun-su3/13(-su3/13) |
long-tailed ('tail' + 'to stretch; to wag a tail; to be long'). |
|
ku-nu |
to approach; to be near. |
|
kun-zi(-da) |
weir ('canal
reservoir' + 'to strengthen'). pp>p>blk
|
|
kù-ŋál |
inspector ('silver' + 'to have'). |
|
kur |
n., mountain; highland; (foreign) land; the netherworld (ki,'place', + ùr, 'roof, mountain pass'/úr, 'root, base')
[KUR archaic frequency= 145; concatenates 3 sign
variants]. [ *kur-es= mountain, high ] |
|
kùr |
(cf., gur). |
|
kúr...di |
to speak hostile words ('hostile' + 'to speak'). |
|
kúr[PAB] |
n., stranger; enemy; hostility (from kur,'mountains, foreign land'). [ ??har-ag=anger, emnity] |
|
kur4 |
(cf., gur4). |
|
kur6 |
(cf., kurum6). |
|
kur7...aka |
to inspect ('to
watch; lookout' + 'to do'). {igi > iki?} |
|
kur7-aka |
inspection record. |
|
kur9, ku4 |
n., entrance (ki,'place',
+ ùr, 'entrance').
[aj-to, áj, ka-pu ] |
|
kur-gal |
great mountain - a metaphor for temples and for |
|
kur-gi4mušen |
goose, geese ('mountains' + 'to return'). |
|
kurku(2) |
bounty, abundance (reduplicated kur9, 'to deliver'). |
|
kur-ŋišerin-na |
mountain of cedar trees ('mountain' + 'cedar' + genitive). |
|
kur-ra diri-ga |
supreme over the lands ('lands' + locative + 'to be supreme' + nominative). |
|
kur-sig |
deep mountain ('mountain'
+ 'low'). |
|
kuru5, kur5 |
(cf., kud). |
|
kuru7, kur7 |
(cf., kurum7). |
|
kurum6, kur6 |
a basket of food-rations; share(s). |
|
kurum7, kuru7, kur7 |
n., lookout, spy (ki, 'place', + ùru(-m), 'to watch,
guard'). |
|
kurun(2,3) |
sweet red wine; wine grape, grapevine, or grape cluster (cf., gurun). |
|
kur-uš, kuš6, ku7 |
sweet; plump, fat; honey (cf., kurušda).
{w>blk} |
|
kurušda, gurušda, kuruça ? |
sweet fodder (for fattening cattle); fattener (of
cattle); stock-breeder (kuruš, 'sweet; fat', + da(5), 'side; to surround' ?) [GURUŠDA archaic frequency= 61]. |
|
kúš |
to be tired; to be out of breath; to worry; to calm (kúš-(ù) in marû) (aka, 'to do, act', + úš, 'dead'). [ kus! =stop! step down/back, command for a dog to sit! ] |
|
kùš |
ell/cubit = 1/2 meter = 30 fingers [šu-si] = distance from elbow to
fingertips; forearm; channel (cf., šu-da)
(ku, 'to base,
found, build', + many). |
|
kuš, |
skin, hide, leather (ku5, 'to cut', + ús, 'to be joined,
next to'/šè, terminative suffix/šú, 'to
cover'). |
|
kuš...dù |
to treat or dress skin ('leather' + 'to raise up, make'). |
|
kuš6 |
(cf., kuruš). |
|
kuš7 |
devastation, destruction; |
|
kuš7...sud/sù/su |
to level; to devastate ('devastation' + 'to immerse'). |
|
kušá-lá |
drum ('side' + 'to bind'). {kus =hide, skin ?of a drum + tie} |
|
kuša-ŋá-lá |
leather sack (for flour) ('water' + 'to store' + 'to lift, carry'). |
|
kušá-si |
whip ('arm' +
'antenna-like'). |
|
kuš-dù |
treated or flayed skin. |
|
kuš-dù-dù |
leather-dresser. |
|
kušdùg-gan |
leather bag ('gladness' + 'to bring forth'). |
|
kuše-íb-ùr |
siege shield ('dike' + 'middle, loins' + 'roof'). |
|
kuše-sír |
sandal; shoe (cf., èsir).
|
|
kušíb-ùr |
(cf., kuše-íb-ùr). |
|
kù-sig17 |
gold ('noble metal'
+ 'yellow'). |
|
kuška-dù |
a leather wrapping for part of the plow. |
|
kuš-lá |
leather cord ('leather'
+ 'to hang; strap'). |
|
kušlu-úb |
leather bag for holding food; lunch bag ('abundant' + 'container'). |
|
kušlu-úb-šir(-ra)... aka |
to prepare (gold or silver) for the precious sack
(by sifting) |
|
kuš-naŋ |
leather water pail or hose ('leather' + 'to drink'). |
|
kùš-numun |
in the |
|
kušsaŋ-kéš |
a thong connecting the yoke to the plow ('head' + 'to bind'). |
|
kuššuhub(2), suhub(2) [MUL] |
n., boots (šúš/šú, 'to
cover', + gub, 'to stand'). [ cipö
=shoes š>c' , -k>ø ] -k>h |
|
kušu |
(cf., kušumx). |
|
kúšu |
turtle (cf., ŠIM×KÚŠU,
where 'whale' must be meant) (ku6, 'fish', + šú, 'to cover') [?
UH3 archaic frequency= 14; concatenates 2 sign variants]. {n’c’ >s’} |
|
kušu/kušumx |
to crawl; to sneak away; to run ('herd' ( + ground) + 'to touch'). |
|
kušum |
to scorn, reject, hurt; to abandon (ki, 'place', + ušum, 'solitary'). |
|
kušummud, ùmmu[EDIN.LÁ] |
(goatskin) water bag. |
|
kušumx, kušu[U.PIRIN] |
herd of cattle or sheep. |
|
kù-tuku |
one who has silver ('silver'
+ 'to have'). |
|
kù-zu |
expert, erudite, clever; wisdom ('bright' + 'to know'). |
|
kù-zu-nì-nam-ma |
the all wise ('expert'
+ níŋ-na-me, 'anything' + genitive). |
|
la |
abundance, luxury, wealth; [LA archaic frequency = 20; concatenates
4 sign variants]. m~n |
|
_lá |
to penetrate, pierce, |
|
la(l)'u(2,3,4,5,6,7) |
debt, owed amount (cf., lá-ìa[NI], 'arrears'). |
|
la-ag |
(cf., lag). |
|
lag, laŋ |
piece; lump, gob; clod; bulk size, collected mass
(abundance + round). {r>l} |
|
la-ga |
(cf., lú-la-ga). |
|
lag-ab |
block, slab (of stone); trunk (of tree) (cf., kilib) (lag, 'clod, piece', + gub, 'to stand') [LAGAB archaic frequency= 84; concatenates 2 sign variants]. {r>l} [ rög =slab, clod ] |
|
lagab na4za-gìn-na |
a block of lapis lazuli ('block' + 'lapis lazuli' + genitive). |
|
la-gal |
(cf., lagar). |
|
lag-ar |
temple servant who pronounces invocations to the
god [LAGAR archaic
frequency= 51; concatenates 4 sign variants]. {r> l } |
|
lag-arx |
(divine) vizier; a high ranking cultic
functionary. |
|
lah, àh[UD]; uh {w>b/blk} |
to dry up; to dry out; |
|
lah4,5 |
to bring (plural); to drive off; to plunder [lök=to push away, lop=steal], |
|
la-ha-ma |
long-haired hero(s) ?; mythological sea monster ?. |
|
lahtan(2) |
beer vat [LAHTAN2 archaic frequency= 7]. |
|
lahtanx, lahta |
a washing vessel (luh/làh, 'to wash', + tán, 'to become
clean'). |
|
lá-ìa[NI] |
remainder of debt left over, difference, arrears |
|
làl |
honey; date-syrup (reduplicated
la, 'luxury, bliss') [*le-me>
lev, lé =juice, syrup, soup ] |
|
lal, lá |
v., to be high; to hold; to lift; [*äle-me=lift
>> em-el (swapped order)] |
|
la-la |
joy; appeal, charms; abundance; vigor (reduplicated 'happiness'). |
|
làl-har |
mythological lake, pond ('honey; date syrup' + 'ring'). |
|
lalla |
shortage, deficiency (reduplicated lal/lá, 'light, deficient'). |
|
lam |
n., abundance, luxuriance; |
|
láma, lám |
an awe-inspiring quality (la, 'abundance' + me, 'function,
power'). |
|
lí |
true measure; fine oil. [#j>l,
g ] |
|
_li9 |
to glisten, shine. {*w>blk/b} |
|
li-bir |
n., old age [LIBIR
archaic frequency= 1]. |
|
li-biš, li-piš |
courage; [biz-a-kodó =one who
trusts in himself & his abilities,
biz=trust] |
|
libx[Í.UDU] |
mutton fat; grease (abundance collected in open container). |
|
li-dim |
to receive (in charity) (la, 'abundance', + dim4, 'to beg'). |
|
li-gi4-in |
exercise tablet (loan from Akkadian liginnu). |
|
lil |
fool, moron (lallation
word = unintelligible baby talk; or lal/lá,
'deficiency', + íla, 'to carry'). |
|
líl |
n., wind; breath; infection; spirit (of a place); back or open country (reduplicated li, 'cedar scent' ?) [? KID archaic
frequency = 76; concatenates 5 sign variants]. |
|
li-lib[IGI.IGI] |
to steal. |
|
lil-iz |
a drum. |
|
lillan |
stalk with ripe ear of grain. |
|
|
thousand (four hundred greater than ŋéš×u, 'six hundred'). ŋ>n~m lim=girl, [ the symbol of 4 in FU is woman, female while male is the root for 2. Sumerian used "lim" =girl instead of "nig" woman, however in FU the word for 4 is based not on girl but woman nelj >nelja > négy=4] |
|
limmu(2,4,5), lím |
four (cp., lam). |
|
liru, liri |
(cf., lirum). |
|
lirum, liru, liri |
n., physical strength. [él(et)=life + erö =strength ] -um=formative
suffix |
|
liš |
morsel (happiness +
small + šè, 'portion') [LIŠ archaic
frequency= 4]. |
|
li-um, le-um |
plate. {*-VpV > blk} |
|
lu |
n., many, much {-ke# >blk} ; [*luke
=10,count, figure out,read >ol-d] |
|
lú |
grown man; male; human being; someone, anyone, no
one; gentleman [LU2
archaic frequency = 85]. |
|
lù |
to disturb, agitate, trouble; to fluster,
embarrass; to stir, blend. |
|
lú še bad-rá |
to thresh ('man' +
'grain' + 'to open, expose, peel, release, split' + nominative). |
|
lú...na-me...nu- |
no man does X ('man'
+ prohibitive modal prefix + 'to be' + 'no, not'; cf., u4-na-me...nu-tuku). |
|
LÚ.ŠE |
(cf., níga). |
|
lu5 |
(cf., lub, lul). |
|
lú-a-tu5(-a) |
a priest who bathes the statues of the deities and
rulers - lustration priest |
|
lú-á-tuku |
strong man, influential person ('man' + 'strength' + 'to have'). |
|
lúazlag(2,3,4,5,6), ašlag |
fuller, felt-worker; launderer (a, 'water', + zalag, 'to cleanse'). |
|
lub[LUL](-bi) |
a cut of meat. |
|
lú-bappir(2/3) |
brewer (cf., ningi; lunga) ('man' + 'beer bread'). |
|
lú-bar-ra |
foreigner ('person'
+ 'outside' + genitive). “bar refers to outer lands, wild lands, foreign lands” |
|
lú-búr-ru |
interpreter (of omens/dreams) |
|
lud |
a small bowl; a pestle (abundance + motion). |
|
lúdab5-ba |
hired man ('to
hire' + nominative). |
|
lúda-ba-ri-ri |
contortionist (cf., da-ri). |
|
lú-dam-tuku |
a married person ('person' + 'spouse' + 'to have'). |
|
lú-di-da |
opposing party (in a legal case) ('man' + 'law suit' + 'with'). |
|
lúdub-alal-urudu |
a temple servant ('to
pour' + 'pipe' + 'copper'). |
|
lú-du-du |
vagabond ('man' +
reduplicated 'to walk'). {l# >blk} {*j>l,g >?dj} |
|
lúDUN-a |
dependent (on), subordinate ('subordinate' + nominative). |
|
lúé-níŋ-ka |
(cf., lú-é-níŋ-ka). |
|
lú-é-níŋ-ka |
manager of the treasure-house ('man' + 'house' + 'treasure' + double genitive [a]k-a[k]). |
|
lúen-nu(-un)(-ŋá) |
watch, guardian; watch (as a division of night
time); imprisonment; prison. |
|
lú-érim |
enemy ('man' +
'evil, hostile'). |
|
lú-éše |
prisoner ('man' + 'rope'; cf., é-éše, 'jail' and šaŋa, 'captive'). |
|
lúéš-gíd |
surveyor ('measuring
rope' + 'long'). |
|
lug, lu, lu-ga |
to swarm (said of birds and fish) (lu, 'to be numerous' + gù, 'noise, sound'). {-ke# >blk} |
|
lu-gal |
king; owner, master (lú, 'man', + gal, ŋ) [LUGAL archaic
frequency= 80]. |
|
lugal-šà-lá-sù |
merciful king ('king'
+ 'merciful'). |
|
lú-ga-šum |
assassin ('man' + 'I will' + 'to slaughter'). |
|
lú-gi-di(-da) |
piper ('man' +
'reed' + di-dé, 'to speak' + nominative). |
|
lú-gi-gíd-da |
flutist ('man' +
'reed' + 'long' + nominative). |
|
lu-gú |
to twist; be crooked, not straight ('numerous' + 'edge'; cf., ru-gú). |
|
lú-gub-ba |
ecstatic ('man' + 'to stand' + nominative). |
|
lú-gud |
short; short person (lú, 'person', + gud8, 'short'). |
|
lugud, luŋud(?) |
pus; serous fluid (lúŋ, 'fault, error' + éd, 'to emerge'). |
|
lú-gu-la |
despot ('man' + 'large'). |
|
luh, làh |
to be clean, fresh; to clean; to wash; |
|
lu-hummu |
mud (cf., lu-hu-um).
|
|
lú-hun-ŋá |
hired worker ('man'
+ 'to hire' + nominative). |
|
lu-hu-um |
mud (luh,'to wash' + imi, 'clay, mud'; don't find Semitic parallels to Akk. luhummû,
but Hebrew/Arabic LH/LHH means 'moist'; cf., lum, 'fertilizer, manure'). |
|
lúì-duh/du8 |
janitor; porter; door keeper (impersonal verbal conjugation prefix + 'residue, waste'). |
|
lú-im/tum9 |
'wind man' unreliable person ('man' + 'wind'). |
|
lú-inim-ma |
witness ('person' +
'word' + genitive). |
|
lú-KA×LI-KA×LI |
incantation priest (cf., tu6, mu7, zug4, uš7, and sig14). |
|
lú-kal-(l) |
dear one ('person'
+ 'precious'). |
|
lú-kar-ra |
refugee ('person' +
'to escape' + nominative). |
|
lú-kaš4 |
courier ('man' +
'fast runner'). |
|
lú-ki-inim-ma |
witness ('person' + 'place' + 'oath' + genitive). |
|
lu-kur |
chaste priestess, nun; courtesan (?) (lú,
'grown man', + kúr, 'hostile'). |
|
lú-kúr-ra |
stranger; enemy ('man'
+ 'mountains, foreign country' + genitive). |
|
lú-kurun(-/ak/) |
brewer; innkeeper ('man' + 'alcoholic drink' (+ genitive)). |
|
lul, lu5 |
n., liar; lie; malicious act. [ál=false, fake]
< Turkic |
|
lul...dug4 |
to tell a lie ('lie' + 'to speak'). |
|
lul...si(-g) |
to keep silent ('lie'
+ 'to stay silent'). |
|
lú-la-ga |
robber (cf., ma-la-(g)). |
|
lulim |
stag, hart (male of the |
|
lu-lim |
stag (Akkadian loanword ?; 'to graze, pasture' +
'thousand'). |
|
lú-lul(-la) |
unfaithful, treacherous man ('man' + 'lies' + genitive). |
|
lum |
n., fertilizer, manure; cloud [LUM archaic frequency= 23]. |
|
lùm[DUG] |
a small drinking pot. |
|
lúmá-DU-DU(-d) |
barge captain ('boat' + ?; cf., má-lah4/5). |
|
lú-má-gur8 |
boat captain ('man'
+ 'large boat'). |
|
lúmá-lah4/5 |
sailor; barge captain ('boat' + 'to drive along'). |
|
lúMAR-TU[-KI], |
nomad; Amorite - Semitic nomad of the western
desert ('wagon' + 'to be born'). |
|
lum-ma |
a fecund female ('to be fertile, productive' + nominative). |
|
lú-nam-tag-ga |
sinner ('man' +
'guilt' + genitive). |
|
lunga(2,3), lumgi(2,3) |
(cf., lúningi(2,3)). |
|
lúningi(2,3),lunga(2,3),lumgi(2,3) |
brewer (naŋ, 'to drink'; lum, 'to be
satiated, full'; lùm, 'a small pot'). |
|
lúníŋ-áŋa |
a temple servant ('things' + 'to measure, check'). |
|
lúníŋ-dab5[-ba]-ke4-ne |
warehouse keepers ('thing' + 'to hold, receive'). |
|
lú-níŋ-nu-tuku |
poor man, debtor ('man'
+ 'thing' + 'not' + 'to have'). |
|
lú-níŋ-tuku |
rich man, wealthy person ('man' + 'thing' + 'to have'). |
|
lúníŋ-ZUM-DIM4 |
a temple servant. |
|
lú-ní-zu(-/ak/) |
thief ('man' + 'one's own' + 'your' + genitive). |
|
lú-ní-zuh |
thief ('man' +
'one's own' + 'to steal, rob'). |
|
luŋa[PA.NÁ], lúŋ[PA], lu9 |
fault, error; bad; [ál=fake OR -len =suffix for 'un' or 'not' or
against ] |
|
lúŋír-lá |
butcher ('knife' +
'to weigh'). {*k >ŋ } |
|
lú-ŋišbala |
man of the spindle ('man'
+ 'spindle'). |
|
lú-ŋiš-e3/11 |
doorkeeper, doorman ('man'
+ 'key'). |
|
lú-ru-gú |
recalcitrant, intractable individual(s) ('man' + ru-gú, 'to withstand,
oppose'). |
|
lú-ru-gú-da |
river ordeal, |
|
lúša13[NÁ]-dub-ba |
archivist (cf., ŋadub; pisan-dub). |
|
lúšár |
a military officer = commander of 3600. |
|
lú-šár |
numerous individuals, myriads ('men, people' + 'to be many'). |
|
lú-silim |
perfect man ('man' + 'good, healthy'). |
|
lúšim-naŋ |
spice drinkers (?) ('spice'
+ 'to drink'). |
|
lúSU |
Subarian.
{#w>blk/b} |
|
lú-su-a |
friend, acquaintance ('man'
+ su-a, 'cat'). |
|
lúšu-i |
barber ('hand' +
'to sprout' ?). {*w>blk, b} |
|
lúšuku-dab5-ba |
person assigned to pick up allotted rations ('rations' + 'to hold' + nominative). |
|
lú-šuku-ra-ke4-ne |
persons with allotted portions ('allotted portions' + genitive + plural). |
|
lúšu-luh-ha |
purification ritual man, lustration priest ('ritual cleansing' + nominative). |
|
lúTÚG |
fuller. |
|
lú-tu-ra |
a sick person ('person'
+ 'to be weak, sick' + nominative). |
|
lú-u18 [ŋIŠGAL]-(lu) |
mankind; human being ('humans'
+ 'huge' [ + 'numerous']). {?lu-lu >lu-u } |
|
lú-u18-um |
name of a breed of small cattle (possible Semitic loanword). |
|
lú-u5-a |
rider ('man' + 'to
mount, ride' + nominative). |
|
lúub5-kug-ga |
keeper of the sacred drum ('drum' + 'pure, holy' + nominative). |
|
lu-úbsar |
turnip, beet ('abundant'
+ 'container'). {r>l} |
|
lú-zàh |
runaway, fugitive ('man'
+ 'to flee'). |
|
lú-zi(-d) |
righteous, good man ('man'
+ 'faithful, true'). zid=belief |
|
lú-zu(-a) |
acquaintance ('person'
+ 'to know' + nominative). |
|
lú-zuh |
thief ('man' + 'to steal, rob'). |