Agriculture: It is a generally argued whether FU people engaged in agriculture, yet they obviously had some basic terms for cereals so it cannot be discounted out of hand even though it played a secondary role to hunting and fishing. Terms for "wheat, gruel, bread/millet, grain"are reconstructed and they suggest a knowledge of basic agriculture. [[ The climate in the north however was unfavorable for agriculture! ]]

Building: store-house/shed, scaffolding/shed, door, crossbar, wall, shelter, corner, hut/house, canopy/curtain, roof, top of tent, tent-pole, birch-bark roofing, village, dwelling, pole, beam, staff, post/jamb,/pillar, rod, wooden support, willow/wicker, yard/enclosure, pipe/tube, shingle, to build.

Clothing: cloth, patch, sleeve, hook/button, buckle, belt, mitten/glove, shirt, collar/opening for head, braid/stitch, flax. [[ clothing/pelt ruha]].

Climate: melt/thaw, snow, snowstrom, hoarfrost (two forms), ice (two forms), freeze, sledge/sled (three terms), ski (three terms), glassy ice (free of snow), mild winter/weather, summer, autumn.

Commerce: buy, sell, value/worth & a common number system.

Fishing & water: fish, gill, fish-scale, roe, salmon, sturgeon, fish species (11 other terms), fish's air bladder (two forms), to spawn, fish-trap, weir/dam, fish weir (three terms), seine, net (two terms), to fish with a net, fishing pole, nibble/bite, oar, boat, boat rib, to row, to wade/ford, to swim, to sink, to float/travel by water, lake, river, pond, stream, current, deep hole, inlet, flood, water, wave, swamp, bog, marsh, tapeworm (3 terms),

Hunting, animals and animal foods: egg, duck species ( 3 different terms), grouse (two species), swan, loon, cattle, udder, sheep, pig, bull moose, hare, honey, honeybee, tallow, butter, fat/lard, grease, soup/broth. reindeer, wild reindeer, female reindeer, tail of reindeer, calf/fawn, herd, horn, hornless, reindeer-trampled field, pasture, rub antlers, drive (animals).

Metals: stone, metal/copper/bronze, silver/soft metal, gold/bronze. [believed to come from southern Mesopotamian languages ]

Plant foods: berry, bilberry, cloudberry (arctic rasbery), black currant, rasberry, whortleberry, bird-cherry, mushroom, onion, pine-nuts, ( > "turnip"in Finnish), flour, gruel, porridge, grain, thick soup, patch of slashed and burned land, planting/sowing.

Religion and beliefs: spirit, soul/spectre/shadow, ghost, sorcerer, god/master, god/sky/air/earth, sermon/conjure, divine/pray, curse/conjure/exorcise, incantations/pray, become ecstatic.

Social structure and society: tribe/nationality, slave/servant, orphan, tax.

Tools and weapons: bow, bow string, sinew, arrow (three terms), blunt squirrel arrow, spear, trap, snare/sling, snare (two terms), hunt/trail. basket, birch-bark basket, birch-bark drinking vessel/spoon, birch-bark pail, box/vessel, birch-bark knapsack (two terms), ski (three terms), cradle, receptackle, pot/kettle, trough, cord/rope, lasso/lariat, bow/net, strap, hook, comb, knife, handle, needle/awl, spoon, hammer, auger, chisel, straw-chopping tool, glue, bench.

Hajdú concluded that (the earlier) Proto-Uralic people were engaged in hunting and fishing, with close connection to water. Their food was mainly fish and game. (The later FinnoUgrians however knew of grains) They traveled in boats, on skis and in sledges (sleighs). Hajdú that they were involved in reindeer breeding, since reindeer breeding is fairly recent, but believes, rather that wild reindeer was "one of the most important prizes for the hunter, hence the variety of names for it". He also believes that "pig" and probably also "sheep" were known through contact with Indo-European neighbors, but that pig breeding began later.

[[ Here I must take an exception to both Hajdú, who is such a pessimistic minimalist on everything and Mr Campbell who is just accepting his conclusions. The F.U. term for pig is somewhat similar to the Proto-Indo-European term "sú" (English swine, sow etc), however like Finnish "sika" =pig and Hungarian "sonka"=ham, (thats all that survived) both are much closer to Sumerian "sigga"=wild pig and "šah"=domestic pig, which is an ancient Messopotamian language which is in a form closer than to its PIE form. This does not rule out the likelihood that PIE also shared this word with FU. This word is by no means the only Sumerian term in common with FinnUgor and Altaic, but many more terms are in common. In either case it seems to come from a more archaic language than PIE. The same thing is true of "sheep" Hungarian has "yuh"=sheep and "szila"=lamb(regional), Sumerian "u"=sheep and "sila" 4=lamb! The term for ram is also Messopotamian in origin. Domestication of course came later since early pig raising even in early Hungary was done in the wild in a semi-domestic manner. Most Hungarian terms for domesticated animals are shared with Altaic languages who lived in the south, because the northern Finno Ugrians only started domestication much later than the most southern Hungarians. ]]

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